月亮泡底泥中元素的分布及其生态风险评价

对吉林省西部月亮泡底泥中元素的空间分布、来源以及重金属的潜在生态风险进行了研究。与吉林省中西部土壤中元素平均值相比,月亮泡表层底泥中明显富Hg、Pb、Ca、N,而相对贫As、Co、Mn、Th、Cl、Na。在湖底表层底泥中,As、Hg、U、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr、Se、Mo、Co、Ni、Mn、N、P、MgO、Fe2O3、CaO、有机碳与Al2O3呈明显的正相关关系,表明它们的地球化学性质与粘土矿物的含量密切相关。表层底泥中Hg、Cd、As、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb的潜在生态危害性均很小。在月亮泡的两个沉积柱中,元素含量随深度的变化不尽相同。在沉积柱1中,Fe2O3、Mn、P、Zn、Cu、Ni、Co、Cr、Cd等元素含量随深度变化不大,表明其沉积环境较为稳定。在沉积柱2中,元素含量波动较大,表明该沉积柱的沉积环境较为动荡,并在76～80cm和104～108cm处,As、Fe2O3、Mn、P、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Cd、Th、U等含量急剧增高;在70～90cm处Mn/Fe比值高,表明当时干旱少雨、沉积环境较为氧化,在104～108cm处Rb/Sr比高,可能反映当时高温多雨、化学风化作用较为强烈。两个沉积柱的Cr/Th比基本相似,表明沉积柱的物源基本相同。沉积柱中重金属的潜在生态危害程度也很小,表明从垂向上进入月亮泡水体的重金属污染物数量也很少。     

长白山原始森林土壤养分及其对土柱置换试验响应

自然垂直带典型温带原始森林土壤养分状况及其对温度升高的响应,对碳估算及森林生态系统管理具有重要意义。研究对比长白山北坡垂直小样带3种典型原始森林土壤养分状况,并将岳桦林(海拔1996 m)采集土柱分别置换到云冷杉林(海拔1350m)和阔叶红松林(海拔740m)样地,将云冷杉林采集土柱置换到阔叶红松林样地中进行1年野外模拟增温培养。结果发现,土壤碳、氮、磷含量表现为岳桦林>阔叶红松林>云冷杉林,并且0～10cm>10～20cm土层。0～20cm土壤碳、氮、磷密度表现为阔叶红松林>岳桦林>云冷杉林,分别为5.64～12.75、0.24～0.89、0.04～0.14 kg·m^-2。3种林型土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)差异不显著,经过1年野外土柱置换模拟增温培养后,DOC有增加趋势,土壤溶解性氮明显增加。     

霾天气的危害

霾是一种自然天气现象,好似笼罩在城市上空的雾纱,又称“大气棕色云”。霾的定义是：“大量极细微的干尘粒等均匀地浮游在空中,使水平能见度小于10千米的空气普遍有混浊现象,使远处光亮物微带黄、红色,使黑暗物微带蓝色。”有人把灰霾天气误认为是雾,其实这两者是不同的。一般来讲,雾和霾的区别主要在干与湿上,在于空气中水分含量的大小：当空气中水分含量达到90％以上的叫雾;低于80％的叫霾;80％～90％之间的是雾和霾的混合物,但主要成分是霾。霾作为一种自然现象,其形成主要有3方面因素。一是空气的水平流动很弱,使得水平方向小风与静风现象增多。二是大气层垂直方向出现的逆温现象。     

厦门西海域拟疏浚物中重金属含量及其赋存形态与去除重金属污染技术

着重研究了厦门西海域拟疏浚物中重金属的含量和赋存形态,探讨了化学试剂浸提和曝气法去除重金属的可行性,为建立后续的去污染方案提供科学依据.厦门西海域拟疏浚物枯洪两季沉积物中重金属含量变化不大,枯季稍高于洪季.从经济角度考虑,选用C2H2O4、(NH4)2C2O4、EDTA作为浸提剂结合曝气和TCLP翻转实验对厦门西海域代表性拟疏浚物样品(X5站位)进行了重金属去除试验.结果表明,几种溶剂中,C2H2O4的效果最好;在相同溶剂条件下,对多数重金属元素,曝气处理可以有效地提高去除率.     

Heavy metal induced DNA changes in aquatic macrophytes： Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and identification of sequence characterized amplified region marker

Plants have been used as good bio-indicators and genetic toxicity of environmental pollution in recent years. In this study, aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata and Ceratophyllum demersum treated with 10 μmol/L Cd, 5 μmol/L Hg, and 20 μmol/L Cu for 96 h, showed changes in chlorophyll, protein content, and in DNA profiles. The changes in DNA profiles included variation in band intensity, presence or absence of certain bands and even appearance of new bands. Genomic template stability test performed for the ...     

大襟岛海域中华白海豚体内的重金属含量测定与评价

采用原子吸收分光光度法和双道原子荧光光谱法对2头中华白海豚的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、心脏、肺脏、肠管道、脂肪、睾丸、卵巢、胃和胰脏等器官组织样品中的重金属含量进行测定,并使用标准物作了对照分析.结果显示,中华白海豚体内各器官组织中的Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Cd、Cr、Pb和As的平均含量分别为(26.97～1310.4...     

蜂蜜新标准,教你辨真假

蜂蜜大家都喝过,但未必真正知道如何挑选,蜂蜜里面有真有假,有优有劣,通过新标准的解读,我们都能把最好的蜂蜜带回家。     

Factors a ecting trace element content in periurban market garden subsoil in Yunnan Province, China

Field investigations were conducted to measure subsoil trace element content and factors influencing content in an intensive periurban market garden in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, South-West China. The area was divided into three di erent geomorphological units: specifically, mountain (M), transition (T) and lacustrine (L). Mean trace element content in subsoil were determined for Pb (58.2 mg/kg), Cd (0.89 mg/kg), Cu (129.2 mg/kg), and Zn (97.0 mg/kg). Strong significant relationships between trace element content in topsoil and subsoil were observed. Both Pb and Zn were accumulated in topsoil (RTS (ratio of mean trace element in topsoil to subsoil) of Pb and Zn >1.0) and Cd and Cu in subsoil (RTS of Cd and Cu 61.0). Subsoil trace element content was related to relief, stoniness, soil color, clay content, and cation exchange capacity. Except for 7.5 YR (yellow-red) color, trace element content increased with color intensity from brown to reddish brown. Significant positive relationships were observed between Fe content and that of Pb and Cu. Trace element content in mountain unit subsoil was higher than in transition and lacustrine units (M > T > L), except for Cu (T > M > L). Mean trace element content in calcareous subsoil was higher than in sandstone and shale. Mean trace element content in clay texture subsoil was higher than in sandy and sandy loam subsoil, and higher Cu and Zn content in subsoil with few mottles. It is possible to model Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn distribution in subsoil physico-chemical characteristics to help improve agricultural practice.     

Determination and assessment of total mercury levels in local, frozen and canned fish in Lebanon

Fish is an important constituent of the Lebanese diet. However, very little attention in our area is given to bring awareness regarding the effect of the toxicity of mercury (Hg) mainly through fish consumption. This study aimed to report analytical data on total mercury levels in several fish species for the first time in thirty years and to also made individuals aware of the presence and danger from exposure to mercury through fish consumption. Fish samples were selected from local Lebanese markets and fisheries and included 94 samples of which were fresh, frozen, processed, and canned fish. All values were reported as microgram of mercury per gram of fish based on wet weight. The level of mercury ranged from 0.0190 to 0.5700 μg/g in fresh samples, 0.0059 to 0.0665 μg/g in frozen samples, and 0.0305 to 0.1190 μg/g in canned samples. The data clearly showed that higher levels of mercury were detected in local fresh fish as opposed to other types thus placing consumers at higher risk from mercury exposure. Moreover, the data revealed that Mallifa (yellowstripe barracuda/Sphyraena chrysotaenia), Sargous (white seabream/Diplodus sargus), Ghobbos (bogue/Boops hoops), and shrimp (Penaeus sp.) were among the types containing the highest amounts of mercury. On the other hand, processed fish such as fish fillet, fish burger, small shrimp and crab are found to contain lower levels of mercury and are associated with lower exposure risks to mercury. Lebanese population should therefore, be aware to consume limited amounts of fresh local fish to minimize exposure to mercury.     

Heavy metal distribution of natural and reclaimed tidal riparian wetlands in south estuary, China

The characteristics of heavy metals in water, soils and plants of NRWs are significantly different from those in the RTRWs which are strongly affected by human activities.