不同化肥品种对水稻铬吸收和分配的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究在300mg/kg铬污染水稻土中分别施加氮肥(NH4Cl、NH4NO3、Ca(NO3)2和CO(NH2)2)、钾肥(K2SO4和KCl)、磷肥(Ca(H2PO4)2和NaH2PO4)对水稻生长以及吸收和分配铬的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥处理虽然增加了水稻的产量,但也改变了水稻植株对土壤铬的吸收和积累。从总体上看,不同施肥处理对水稻植株总铬的影响达到显著水平(p0.05);氮肥、钾肥处理的水稻植株总铬比对照处理增加了1.7%~72.9%,磷肥处理的水稻植株总铬比对照处理降低了2.1%~21.9%。(2)不同施肥处理明显影响了铬在水稻植株内的分配与迁移。受试的氮肥、钾肥不仅促进水稻根部对铬的吸收和累积,也促进了铬向地上部分迁移;而磷肥则降低了水稻根部对铬的吸收和累积以及铬向地上部分迁移。(3)受试8种不同施肥处理均显著提高了水稻糙米总铬,施肥处理后水稻成熟期糙米总铬为1.10~1.32mg/kg,均超过《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2005)中铬的限量(粮食1.0mg/kg),比对照处理提高了139.1%~187.0%,增加了铬通过食物链威胁人体健康的风险。     

镍渣的重金属浸出特性

在分析镍渣的矿物相组成和重金属元素含量的基础上,鉴定了镍渣样品的浸出毒性,并考察了pH、液固比和浸出时间等条件对镍渣样中铬、铅、铜和锌等重金属浸出特性的影响。结果表明,镍渣中的重金属总量约为渣样的0.9%,且铬、铜和锌的含量较高,需进行安全管理。实验所用镍渣样品为第Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物。在强酸条件下镍渣中重金属浸出浓度较大,pH3后浸出浓度显著降低;液固比40 L/kg时,镍渣中重金属不断溶出,液固比40 L/kg后,浸出达到饱和,浸出浓度趋于平衡;随着浸出时间的增加,重金属离子的浸出浓度先增加后减少,但由于各重金属性质不同,各重金属达到最大浸出浓度的时间不同。     

Enhanced biological nutrient removal by the alliance of a heterotrophic nitrifying strain with a nitrogen removing ecosystem

Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated in an airlift bioreactor （ALB）, augmented with a novel heterotrophic nitrifier Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9^T under organic carbon to nitrogen ratios （Corg/N） ranging from 0 to 12. Effect of the inoculated strain was also determined on the settling properties and the removal of chemical oxygen demand （COD）. Two laboratory scale reactors were set up to achieve a stable nitrifying state under the same physicochemical conditions of hydraulic retention time （HRT）, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen （DO）, and operated under the sequencing batch mode. The level of DO was kept at 0.5- 1.5 mg/L by periodic stirring and aeration. Each specific Corg/N ratio was continued for duration of 3 weeks. One of the reactors （BR2） was inoculated with P ammonioxydans H9^T periodically at the start of each Corg/N ratio. Sludge volumetric index （SVI） improved with the increasing Corg/N ratio, but no significant difference was detected between the two reactors. BR2 showed higher levels of nitrogen removal with the increasing heterotrophic conditions, and the ammonia removal reached to the level of 82%-88%, up to10% higher than that in the control reactor （BR1） at Corg/N ratios higher than 6; however, the ammonia removal level in experimental reactor was up to 8% lower than that in control reactor at Corg/N ratios lower than 2. The COD removal efficiency progressively increased with the increasing Corg/N ratios in both of the reactors. The COD removal percentage up to peak values of 88%-94% in BR2, up to 11% higher than that in BR1 at Corg/N ratio higher than 4. The peak values of ammonia and COD removal almost coincided with the highest number （18%-27% to total bacterial number） of the exogenous bacterium in the BR2, detected as colony forming units （CFU）. Furthermore, the removal of ammonia and COD in BR2 was closely related to the number of the inoculated strain with a coefficient index （R2） up to 0.82 and 0.85 for ammonia and     

微波消解——原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中的铜锌镍铬锰铅镉

本文阐述了用微波消解——原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中的铜锌镍铬锰铅镉。通过硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸体系消解液对土壤样品进行消解,选择出微波消解的最佳消解条件。通过对微波消解体系和传统电热板硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解体系进行对比实验,前者不仅操作简便快捷赶酸时间短,而且准确度高、精密度好,提高了工作效率,是一种值得推广的土壤消解方法。     

筛网处理装置治理厨房油雾烟气的方法与研究

筛网处理装置是沈阳环境科学研究所经过多年研制出的具有用途广泛、效果显著的一种新技术。它曾应用于锅炉除尘脱硫、喷漆尾气的净化等环境治理工程。本方法是利用筛网处理装置技术的拓宽研究     

横向塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定作物中的痕量铅

以磷酸二氢氨硝酸为基体改进剂，利用横向塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法选择最佳的灰化和原子化温度，测定作物中痕量铅，方法线性好，相关系数为0．99928。灵敏度高，准确度好。加标回标率为99．5～105％，相对标准偏差达0．74。     

铝型材碱洗废液再生工艺研究

针对铝型材表面处理工艺中产生大量碱洗废液,而且含有“长寿碱蚀剂”,提出了生石灰处理工艺。该工艺简单,效果好,铝去除率最高可达９７％,碱回收率可在８０％左右,可以实现工业化生产。同时,该法原料价格低廉易得,实现闭路循环,其副产品ＣａＣｌ２·２Ｈ２Ｏ,Ａｌ２(ＳＯ４)３·１８Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣａＳＯ４等均具有较高利用价值,可以达到良好的社会效益与经济效益      

火焰原子吸收法测定镀镍废水中镉

本文介绍了经吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵络合，以甲基异丁基甲酮－环乙烷富集萃取，用火焰原子吸收分光光度测定镀镍废水中镉含量的实验方法，该实验抗干扰性强，灵敏度与准确度较高，且操作简便，成本低，便于推广应用。     

溶剂吸收法在鞋业“三苯”废气治理中应用

采用吸收法对制鞋业“三苯”废气治理进行研究。对治理原理，吸收剂选择，吸收塔结构溶剂处理，工艺操作等深入探讨，定出处理方案并在制鞋生产线应用取得成效。本方法与其他治理方法相比具有投资省，运转费用低，操作简单，净化效率高等优点。