小垃圾桶

小记者证号:HJSD1587我的名称,样子你们都不会陌生。我只是一个小垃圾箱。我很早就诞生了。我们虽然以垃圾为食,但也亲眼见证着人类科技,文化的发展,你们的科技一年比一年好,可是我也发现了一个重要的问题:你们的科技虽然一年比一年好,可你们的环保意识却一年不如一年,变得越来越差。以前,在我的脑海中,世界很美丽,鸟语花香,地面上干干净净的,人们很自觉,一看见纸片就拾起来"喂"给我吃,我每天都吃得饱饱的,过得也很好。     

“垃圾战争”的环境政治学分析

中国社会面临着越来越严重的“垃圾围城”窘境,地方政府和企业处于自身利益的考量,正在把垃圾焚烧（发电）作为处理生活垃圾的新方向。但由于政策决定过程中的民意缺失,随之引发了居民抗争运动。中国环境恶化的原因与政治体制改革的相对滞后密切相关,是一个典型的政治经济复合型的产物。因此需要超越环境工程学、以及环境经济学的视角,在”环境政治学”的视野下寻找解决问题的出路。     

矿化垃圾作回灌型准好氧填埋场日覆盖材料的适宜性研究

本文在对矿化垃圾的基本性质进行测定的基础上,将其作为填埋场覆盖材料进行室内模拟实验.结果显示:经过筛分后的矿化垃圾细料可作为回灌型准好氧填埋场的日覆盖材料,除了具有日覆盖材料的常规功能外,还有净化渗滤液的能力;矿化垃圾对渗滤液中污染物的净化能力优于普通砂土;矿化垃圾作日覆盖材料的最佳粒度为d≤3mm,最优厚度为13cm,双层结构对污染物的净化能力优于单层结构.所以矿化垃圾是一种性能良好的日覆盖替代材料.     

Fenton法降解餐厨垃圾废水恶臭的试验研究

基于Fenton法对水中有机污染物的强氧化能力,研究其对餐厨垃圾废水中恶臭物质的去除条件及降解特性.采用GC-MS分流进样(分流比5∶1)的方法,对目标物质进行分离,并选择离子(SIM)模式检测.餐厨垃圾废水各目标污染物质分离情况良好,共检出20种挥发性有机恶臭污染物,其总质量浓度为8.60 mg/m3.通过单因素试验,研究H2O2、Fe2+投加量、pH值、氧化时间对恶臭物质(以甲硫醇、乙酸乙酯和二硫化碳为代表)的去除效果;并利用正交试验进一步确定以上因素的影响程度,从而得出Fenton氧化试验的最佳反应条件:反应初始pH=5,H2O2投加量为0.98 mol/L,Fe2+投加量为10 g/L,反应进行120 min.此时目标分析物质总降解率达99.6％,水样臭阈值降低了 97％以上.试验结果满足环境恶臭污染物无组织排放限值,该法对高效降解餐厨垃圾废水异味具有参考价值.     

厨余垃圾综合利用中有关问题探析

厨余垃圾综合利用中出现的问题主要有:厨余再生饲料存在安全隐患,堆肥产品含盐量高,以及缺少相应的除臭、运输、存储设备.通过开发新的消毒除菌工艺、采用有效的脱盐方式,研制出厨余垃圾一体化处理处置设备等手段是解决上述问题的关键.     

催化湿式氧化法降解垃圾渗滤液的应用研究

垃圾渗滤液属高浓度有机废水,通常较难处理,同时又会对环境产生严重危害.催化湿式氧化法属于高级氧化技术之一,在处理有毒、难降解的高浓度有机废水方面具有一定的优势.本文介绍了催化湿式氧化法的产生、发展及其在降解垃圾渗滤液方面的应用研究,并就其今后的发展方向提出了一些建议.     

Enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability of flower stem wastes with vegetable wastes by co-hydrolysis

The vegetable wastes and flower stems were co-digested to evaluate the anaerobic hydrolysis performance of difficultly biodegradable organic wastes by introducing readily biodegradable organic wastes. The experiments were carried out in batches. When the vegetable wastes were mixed with the flower stems at the dry weight ratio of 1 to 13, the overall hydrolysis rate increased by 8%, 12%, and 2% according to the carbon, nitrogen, and total solid （TS） conversion rate, respectively. While the dry weight ratio was designed as 1 to 3, there was a respective rise of 5%, 15%, and 4% in the conversion rate of carbon, nitrogen, and TS. The enhancement of anaerobic hydrolysis from the mixed vegetable wastes and flower stems can be attributed to the formation of volatile fatty acids （VFA） and nutrient supplement like nitrogen content. The maximum VFA concentration can achieve 1.7 g/L owing to the rapid acidification of vegetable wastes, loosing the structure of lignocellulose materials. The statistic bivariate analysis revealed that the hydrolysis performance was significantly related to the physical and biochemical compositions of the feeding substrate. Especially, the soluble carbon concentration in the liquid was significantly positively correlated to the concentration of nitrogen and hemicellulose, and negatively correlated to the concentration of carbon and lignocellulose in the feeding substrate, suggesting that the regulation and control of feedstock can have an important influence on the anaerobic hydrolysis of organic wastes.     

Evolution on qualities of leachate and landfill gas in the semi-aerobic landfill

To study the characteristics of stabilization in semi-aerobic landfill, large-scale simulated landfill was constructed based on the semiaerobic landfill theory. Consequently, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, and the pH value in leachate, as well as the component contents of landfill gas composition (methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen) in landfill were regularly monitored for 52 weeks. The results showed that COD and ammonia concentrations declined rapidly and did not show the accumulating rule like anaerobic landfill, and remained at about 300 and 100 mg/L, respectively, after 48 weeks. Meanwhile, the descending rate reached 98.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Nitrate concentration increased rapidly after 24 weeks and fluctuated between 220–280 mg/L after 43 weeks. The pH values were below 7 during the first 8 weeks and after that leachates appeared to be alkaline. Carbon dioxide was the main composition in landfill gas and its concentration remained at a high level through the whole stabilization process. The average contents of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and methane varied between 19 vol.%–28 vol.%, 2 vol.%–8 vol.%, and 5 vol.%–13 vol.%, respectively. A relative equilibrium was reached after 48 weeks. The highest temperature in the landfill chamber could amount to 75.8 degrees centigrade.     

苏州垃圾填埋生命周期清单分析

采用理论计算和实测相结合的方法,求得了苏州七子山垃圾填埋埋场的生命周期清单。实践证明,理论计算和实测相结合是清单分析的有效方法,对今后的同类研究具有参考意义。研究中获得的清单包括生活垃圾的收集和运输、垃圾填埋的物耗和能耗,以及每吨填埋垃圾所排放的大气和水污染物的量,并考察了填埋气用于发电后对清单的影响。这些结果可以为众多的产品生命周期评价提供数据支持。     

活性碳为载体的生物反应器填埋场模拟实验研究

生物反应器填埋场是一种新型的垃圾卫生填埋场,可以加速填埋场的稳定及甲烷的产生。通过模拟试验探讨了加装了活性炭载体的生物反应器填埋场在不同操作条件下的产气情况及COD,pH值、挥发性脂肪酸的变化趋势。试验证明添加活性炭做载体的反应器不仅有助于垃圾降解及渗滤液中COD。浓度的降低,而且填埋气中甲烷含量也较高;但是简单的两相型反应器却不利于甲烷气体的产生和CODCr的降解,这是由于其水解速度慢,水解反应时间长引起的。