膨胀土地基中大比例模型桩浸水试验研究

通过对埋设在膨胀土地基中的一试桩的长时间浸水试验观测，模拟了自然降雨气候条件下单桩位移、沿桩身轴力、侧摩阻力分布、地基胀缩及其时间变化等基桩一系列工作性状和桩-土共同作用规律。试验结果显示：桩顶位移呈现出先下沉后回升并最后趋于稳定的3阶段特征；桩身全长受拉，轴力沿桩身分布呈“波峰”形态。基桩的最大轴力位于桩的中下部，轴力峰值历经由小到大的过程；中性点在浸水过程中，其位置有从桩下部上移的现象；桩侧摩阻力与桩端阻力荷载分担比随时间呈现出先减小后增大并渐趋稳定的3阶段特征。研究结果对膨胀土地基中的桩基设计和施工提供了理论依据。     

水葫芦对萘的降解作用研究

分别在静态和动态两种条件下，以水葫芦为对象，对水生植物净化塘处理萘污水进行研究。结果表明，在静态试验中，水葫芦净化塘对浓度为2．5、6．5和16．1mg／L萘污水的7d净化率分别为97．1％、93．7％和90．4％。动态试验中，相同浓度萘污水7d后的出水净化效率分别为99．2％—99．9％、97．3％—98．6％和94．6％—96．7％。进水浓度分别为1．2mg／L和6．5mg／L萘污水在水葫芦净化塘中的最佳停留时间分别为5d和7d，水葫芦净化塘动态过程的净化效率高于静态过程。     

酸解破乳作用处理高含固率洗毛废水的研究

洗毛废水是一种高浓度有机废水,含固率高,主要成分是羊毛脂、羧酸盐和土杂,由于强极性物质的存在和胶体强的负电性,导致洗毛废水形成稳定的乳化体系.本试验通过加入硫酸改变洗毛废水的有机组成,降低体系的Zeta电位,破坏体系的稳定性,从而使得有机物发生凝聚沉降,达到去除COD的目的.硫酸加入量达到0.2%或以上时对洗毛废水中SS的自然沉降性、絮凝性和极性有很大影响,比阻从远大于9.81×1013m/kg,下降为5.54×1010m/kg,COD去除率达到86.8%,SS去除率达到98%.因此,洗毛废水加酸处理后通过机械脱水,实现固液分离,以降低原废水的色度和大幅降低COD的方式,是可供考虑的处理工艺.     

DPSD在PT二次侧检测中的应用

随着电能计量准确性要求的不断提高,以及“注入信号法”在故障选线及电容电流测量中的广泛应用,PT二次侧信号的准确检测就显得尤为重要。在PT二次侧提取信号时,传统的检测方法检测精度不高,很难满足实际应用要求。因此,提出将数字相敏检波(DPSD)应用到PT二次侧的信号检测中,该方法的优点是不仅能检测信号幅值大小,同时能检测信号的相位。此外,DPSD检测精度较高,特别适用于低信噪比(SNR)的检测场合。设计DPSD检测算法,在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下建立仿真模型,验证在PT二次侧检测低SNR信号的效果,检测结果证明DPSD有效地抑制了电网中谐波信号和强噪声,并能准确地将感兴趣信号提取出来。     

陇东地区一次强冰雹过程的稳定度分析

从天气系统、稳定度指数、动力、热力和水汽条件等方面对2005年5月30日15时16分在平凉地区范围内的冰雹天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：高空槽后冷平流使对流层中上层降温,加大了垂直方向的温度梯度,从而促进了对流的发展;大气层结的不稳定、动力热力共同作用以及充足的水汽输送是强雷暴天气形成的必要条件。     

风雨联合作用下风向对大跨度悬挑屋盖的压力分布影响研究

强降雨通常伴有强风作用,风向成为影响结构表面压力分布的重要因素之一。目前大跨度挑檐屋盖设计基本只考虑垂直于结构表面的单独雨荷载作用,对风雨联合作用下建筑表面压力分布研究甚少。研究风雨联合作用下,不同风向对大跨度悬挑屋盖表面的压力分布影响特性。基于数值模拟平台,采用欧拉-欧拉方法,模拟得到了不同风向工况下大跨度悬挑屋盖结构表面平均压力分布规律,并研究得到了一次自然降雨过程中最不利抗风雨位置,对相应大跨度悬挑结构设计提出了有益参考。     

多组分酸酸化对中马村矿高阶煤增透效果的影响

为了研究酸化对中马村矿煤储层渗透性的影响,用同一体系酸液的不同配方对中马村矿粉状煤样进行了溶蚀试验,并开展了饱水煤样酸化前后的核磁共振试验研究。结果表明：1)针对中马村矿高阶煤优选出的多组分酸最佳配方为质量分数6%HCl+质量分数3%CH₃COOH,质量分数2%KCl作为防膨剂,添加适量SDS协同酸化,酸液浸泡煤样最佳时间为24 h; 2)经优选出的最佳酸液浸泡的6组煤样的t₂谱谱面积皆大于酸化前,酸化时间24 h时的煤样t₂谱谱面积约为酸化前谱面积的1.83倍;3)酸化前后煤样中水在各孔径上的比率表明,优选多组分酸溶蚀掉的矿物质主要存在于中马村矿煤样的小孔中。研究成果能为多组分酸对中马村矿低渗煤层酸化增透提供一定的理论基础。     

Imazaquin degradation and metabolism in a sandy loam soil amended with farm litters

Irnazaquin applied in legume crops has a long residual time in soil, which often impacts safety of the susceptible crops. To increase safety of imazaquin application, two composted litters, bovine manure （BM） and chicken manure （CM）, were used to determine their effects on imazaquin environmental behavior by incorporating each kind of manure into the tested sandy loam soil at 10% （w/w）. The degradation of imazaquin in BM- and CM-amended soil was about 2.4 and 1.5 times, respectively, faster than that in unamended soil. The half-lives of imazaquin in BM-amended soil varied between 6.7 and 15.4 d over the temperature range of 20 to 40℃, and the degradation rate constant （k） increased by a factor of about 1.5 for every 10℃ change. Higher mix ratio did not significantly increase the degradation, and the optimal active degradation of imazaquin was observed approximately at the mix ratio of 10：1 of soil to BM. The different moisture levels had negligible effect on imazaquin degradation. In both unamended and BM-amended treatments, two metabolites were observed at 5, 10 and 30 d after treatment. One metabolite at retention time （RT） of 8.4 rain was identified as 2-（4- hydroxyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl） quinoline acid, originating from the loss of isopropyl group and hydroxylation at the 4-position of imidazolinone ring. The other at RT of 12.9 rain was identified as quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, resulting from detachment of imidazolinone ring and the forming of dicarboxylic anhydride. This finding suggested that the addition of farm litters into soil might be a good management option since it can not only increase soil fertility but also contribute to increase safety of imazaquin application to the following susceptible crops.     

Effects of nitrate concentration in interstitial water on the bioremediation of simulated oil-polluted shorelines

Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines.To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches,nitrate was added to the simulated shoreline models in the initial concentration of 1,5 and 10 mg/L.Whenever the NO3-N concentration declined to 70% of its original value, additional nutrients were supplemented to maintain a certain range.Results showed adding nutrients increased the oil biodegradation level,the counts of petroleum degrading bacteria(PDB)and heterotrophic bacteria (HB),and the promoted efficiency varied depending on the concentration of nitrate.Oil degradation level in 5 mg/L(NO_3-N)group reached as much as 84.3% accompanied with the consistently highest counts of PDB;while in 1 mg/L group oil removal efficiency was only 35.2%,and the numbers of PDB and HB were relatively low compared to the other groups supplemented with nutrients.Although counts of HB in the 10 mg/L group were remarkable,lower counts of PDB resulted in poorer oil removal efficiency (70.5%) compared to 5 mg/L group.Furthermore,it would need more NO_3-N(0.371 mg)to degrade 1 mg diesel oil in the 10 mg/L group than in the 5 mg/L group(0.197 mg).In conclusion, Nitrate concentration in 5 mg/L is superior to 1 and 10 mg/L in the enhancement of diesel oil biodegradation in simulated shorelines.     

Aerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by a Proteobacteria strain in a closed culture system

The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE） in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introduced for MTBE aerobic biodegradation. After 7 d, almost all MTBE was degraded by a pure culture, a member of β-Proteobacteria named as PMI, in a closed system with oxygen supply, while only 40% MTBE was degraded in one without oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen （DO） levels of the broth in closed systems respectively with and without H2O2 were about 5-6 and 4 mg/L. Higher DO may improve the activity of monooxygemase, which is the key enzyme of metabolic pathway from MTBE to tert-butyl alcohol and finally to CO2, and may result in the increase of the degrading activity of PM1 cell. The purge and trap GC-MS result of the broth in closed systems showed that tea-butyl alcohol, isopronol and acetone were the main intermediate products.