藻毒素对自来水提取物诱导大鼠肝癌的促进作用

为了研究自来水有机提取物与藻毒素在大鼠肝癌诱导过程中的协同作用.以自来水有机提取物为启动剂,藻毒素为促进剂,构建大鼠肿瘤促进模型(Solt-farber模型),观察肝脏病理形态改变,并检测肝细胞中c-fos、c-jun、GSTPi表达情况.结果表明,实验组动物肝脏产生结节性增生灶,自来水有机提取物能诱导肝细胞GSTPi表达,藻毒素单独作用不能诱导GSTPi表达,但能够促进自来水有机提取物诱导产生的GSTPi表达;同时,藻毒素还能诱导肝细胞中c-fos、c-jun表达增加,并具有一定的剂量反应关系.自来水有机提取物具有启动活性,藻毒素具有促癌活性,影响细胞MAPK信号旁路而诱导具有增殖潜能的启动细胞克隆增殖异常是藻毒素可能的促癌机制.     

阴离子对UV/H2O2/微曝气工艺降解双酚A 的影响

试验研究了水中典型阴离子对UV/H₂O₂/微曝气工艺降解内分泌干扰物双酚A 的影响.结果表明,随着HCO₃^-和NO₃^-浓度的增大,BPA的降解速率下降,当HCO₃^-浓度增加到400mg/L 时,反应常数(k)从0.1613min-1 降低到0.0804min^-1;当NO₃^-的浓度增加到800mg/L 时, k 值降低到0.1107min^-1;而SO₄²-和Cl-浓度在一定范围内增加时,有利于BPA 的降解,当SO₄²-的浓度为800mg/L 左右时,对降解促进作用最大, k 值增加到0.1814min-1;当Cl-的浓度为400mg/L 左右时, k 值增加到0.1772min-1,但是当浓度继续增加时,BPA 的降解速度将降低.4 种离子对BPA 的降解影响大小顺序为HCO₃^-> NO₃^->SO₄²->Cl-.     

膨润土对土壤腐殖质特性的影响

砂质土壤腐殖质含量低,影响了土壤肥力.文章通过田间条件下砂滤管试验,利用膨润土的吸附和粘结功能,研究了膨润土不同用量对土壤腐殖质特性的影响.结果表明:膨润土在促进松结态腐殖质分解、加速紧结态腐殖质合成方面发挥了重要作用,有利于增加土壤系统的内稳性.施用膨润土促进了紧结态和稳结态腐殖质中HA的积累,提高了HA/FA比.胡敏酸红外吸收光谱表明,膨润土能使其脂肪族物质增多、芳化度降低.膨润土具有提高土壤腐殖质含量,改善土壤腐殖质特性,从而提高了土壤肥力.     

Purified terephthalic acid wastewater biodegradation and toxicity

The biodegradation and toxicity of the purified terephthalic acid（PTA） processing wastewater was researched at NJYZ pilot with the fusant strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process（ CASP）. Sludge loading rate（SLR） for Fhhh to COD of the wastewater was 1.09 d^-1 and to PTA in the wastewater was 0.29 d^-1. The results of bioassay at the pilot and calculation with software Ebis3 showed that the 48h-LC50 （median lethal concentration） to Daphnia magna for the PTA concentration in the wastewater was only 1/10 of that for the chemical PTA. There were .5 kinds of benzoate pollutants and their toxicities existing in the wastewater at least. The toxicity parameter value of the pure chemical PTA cannot be used to predicate the PTA wastewater toxicity. The toxicity of the NJYZ PTA wastewater will be discussed in detail in this paper.     

Photodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H2O2 process

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions by means of UV/H2 O2 process was studied in the Rayox batch reactors. Three nitrophenol isomers were identified as main photoproducts in the irradiated NB aqueous solutions. The distribution of nitrophenol isomers follows the order p-〉 m-〉 o-nitrophenol. Other intermediates detected include nitrohydroquinone, nitrocatechol, catechol, benzoquinone, phenol, nitrate/nitrite ions, formic acid, glyoxylic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid and some aliphatic ketones and aldehydes. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols at initial stages follows the first-order kinetics and the decay rate constants for nitrobenzene（NB） are around l0^-3-10^-2 s^-1 and for nitrophenols are around 10^-2 s^-1. The decomposition of H2 O2 in the presence of NB and each nitrophenol isomers follows zero-order kinetics. The quantum yields at initial stages for NB decay were estimated around 0.30 to 0.36, and for NPs decay is around 0.31-0.54.     

我国"九五"期间环评火电项目SO2控制分析

从我国"九五"期间新建、改建、扩建的83个燃煤火电项目的环境影响评价报告书中取得相关数据,采取实证研究的办法,对这些项目的SO2控制情况进行分析.结果表明:这83个项目中有87%的计划装机容量使用含硫量小于1%的低硫煤;大于31%的计划装机容量采取了脱硫措施.从国家鼓励的增产不增污的效果来看,自1997年起,区域内实现增产不增污的项目比例较高,达到60%以上,2000年达到了100%.同时,火电厂内实现增产不增污的项目比例也逐年上升.可以看出"九五"期间提出的有关新建火电厂的SO2控制政策在环境影响评价这一阶段得到了很好的执行.提出在今后的SO2控制政策设计中要注意浓度控制和总量控制的政策协调性.      

Adsorption of dyes onto activated carbon prepared from olive stones

Activated carbon was produced from olive stones（OSAC） by a physical process in two steps. The adsorption character of this activated carbon was tested on three colour dyes molecules in aqueous solution： Methylene blue（MB）, Rhodamine B（RB） and Congo Red（CR）. The adsorption equilibrium was studied through isotherms construction at 30℃, which were well described by Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity on the OSAC was estimated to be 303 mg/g, 217 mg/g and 167 mg/g respectively for MB, RB and CR. This activated carbon has a similar adsorption properties to that of commercial ones and show the same adsorption performances. The adsorption kinetics of the MB molecule in aqueous solution at different initial concentrations by OSAC was also studied. Kinetic experiments were well fitted by a simple intra-particle diffusion model. The measured kinetics constant was influenced by the initial concentration and we found the following correlation： Kid = 1.55 C0^0.51.     

基于体积应变含瓦斯煤增透率模型及采动响应研究

为获得含瓦斯煤开采过程中渗透率的采动响应规律,从孔隙率的基本定义出发,通过引入增透率来反映单位体积改变下煤体渗透率的变化,建立了基于体积应变的含瓦斯煤增透率模型。基于增透率模型,结合工程实例采用Comsol Multiphysics模拟了含瓦斯煤开采过程中增透率的变化规律,并开展了增透率采动响应的试验研究。研究结果表明:增透率模型可对采动裂隙网络形成的煤层透气性进行定量评价研究,采动是影响含瓦斯煤增透率的关键因素,受采动影响,煤体体积应变、增透率的变化规律均基本一致,煤体膨胀变形、增透率随采煤工作面的推进逐渐增大,增透率的变化滞后于体积应变的变化,且越靠近工作面煤层增透效果和瓦斯抽采效果越好;沿煤层倾向,回风巷侧最大瓦斯抽采量大于运输巷侧,煤体增透率亦大于运输巷侧。依据增透率的采动响应规律调整瓦斯抽采孔与工作面的角度,可增加抽采量,降低工作面瓦斯浓度。     

固定化微生物技术处理石油石化废水研究进展

固定化微生物技术作为一种新兴的生物处理技术,具有生物活性较高、固液易于分离、处理效率高等优点,已经在各种有机废水领域得到广泛应用,近年来其在处理石油石化废水的研究也不断深入。综述了不同载体材料的特点、结构与固定化性能,载体材料固定细菌的作用机制,固定化微生物技术处理石油石化废水进展及去除石油污染物的微观机制,并对其在实际应用中存在问题和今后研究方向进行了探讨,为固定化微生物技术的工业化应用提供指导。     

绿化植物对城市空气悬浮颗粒物消减效应的研究进展

空气颗粒物对城市环境质量和人群健康的影响越来越受到社会各界的关注和重视,绿化植物能通过捕获、滞留和吸收等各种方式对空气颗粒物起到消减作用.本文在对绿化植物对空气颗粒物消减机制阐述的基础上,比较分析了不同形态特征和生态习性的绿化植物以及不同配置结构的城市绿地对空气颗粒物的消减差异,最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望.