载镁活化天然沸石处理高氟地下水实验研究

为了研究地下水中阴离子对载镁活化天然沸石除氟效果的影响,考察了4种主要阴离子——Cl-,HCO3-,SO42-,PO43-的影响,并分析了吸附剂的除氟机理及表面结构和成分。结果表明:对于初始氟浓度不同的水样,随着阴离子浓度的增加,吸附剂对氟的去除效率逐渐降低。Cl-对吸附剂除氟效果影响较小,氟去除率降低较慢;随着HCO3-浓度的增大(由100 mg/L到1 000 mg/L),水样pH缓慢由7.48增大到9.44,而氟去除率则由63.78%缓慢下降到52.70%(2 mg/L);SO42-及PO43-对改性沸石除氟效果影响较大,氟去除率降低较快,且SO42-的影响大于PO43-。所以,镁改性天然沸石对该4种阴离子的吸附顺序是:SO42->PO43->HCO3->Cl-。     

基于LandsatTM数据的济宁市水体识别方法研究

文章基于济宁市2009年LANDSAT TM影像,根据影像各波段间的相关性和地物在各影像上的灰度差异,分别采用单波段阈值法、多波段谱间关系法、改进的水体指数法(MNDWI)及HIS空间水体提取模型法对济宁市水体信息进行识别提取。在此基础上,结合归一化指数法和HIS空间水体提取模型,提出了一种综合性的水体信息提取方法,并对各方法提取结果进行了精度评价。结果表明,已有方法对济宁市水体识别存在一定的缺陷,而综合法集成了归一化指数法和HIS空间水体模型的优点,很好地弥补了已有方法的不足,对济宁市水体信息进行了较好的提取,尤其是细小水体,同时也很好地消除了建筑物、阴影、水生植被等的影响,提高了济宁市水体信息识别的精度,为更好地定量评价济宁市地表水体时空演变规律等提供帮助。     

浑河沈阳段“十一五”期间水体构成及污染来源分析

介绍了浑河沈阳段"十一五"期间水体的构成,分析了其支流水质状况以及浑河沈阳段主要污染来源。结果表明,支流河是浑河补水的主要来源,污水处理厂尾水已成为支流河和浑河干流的主要补水来源,其中上游径流38%,污水厂排水8%及细河、蒲河、满堂河和白塔保河等5条支流河补水54%;浑河沈阳段污染源数量最多的是农业源,占浑河流域沈阳段污染源的55.33%;其次是生活源,占浑河流域沈阳段污染源的26.19%;再次是工业源,占浑河流域沈阳段污染源的18.43%;最少的是集中式污染治理设施,占浑河流域沈阳段污染源的0.05%。     

天然藻类吸附重金属的研究

传统的重金属废水处理技术存在耗能高、运行成本高及存在二次污染的问题等诸多劣势;而天然海藻由于其来源广、产量大,在处理重金属废水方面存在较多的优点。介绍了藻类处理重金属离子的研究背景、现状,阐述了藻类处理重金属的优点、机理,重点介绍了海藻处理废水过程中的各种影响因素,并对海藻处理废水的应用前景进行了展望。     

水体中苯胺光降解的实验研究

为了更好地了解苯胺类物质在环境中的化学行为,在自行设计的光化学反应器上进行模拟天然水体的苯胺光降解实验,用气相色谱法测定苯胺的残余质量浓度,考察了水体pH值、光强、反应时间、光敏化剂、水质等条件影响下苯胺的光降解效果和规律.3h内苯胺在3个不同体系中的降解效果从大到小依次是:去离子水模拟天然水体、加入光敏化物质的灭菌河水、未加光敏化物质的灭菌河水.pH值为5.0,Fe2 、过氧化氢、腐殖质存在时苯胺的光降解效果较好.     

高效去磷的膜生物反应器

目前,华盛顿州斯波坎市为达到北美最严格的磷出水浓度限值(季节平均值,总磷:50mg/L),需要设计一种区域性水体改造设备(WRF).该设备同时要求达到总氮为10mg/L、氨氮为0.25mg/L的浓度限值.该设备采用强化型初级处理装置,后部连接1个膜生物反应器系统,其中设有金属盐,用于去除磷.金属盐可以完全消除来自于颗粒处理系统中     

Effects of Cu（Ⅱ） and humic acid on atrazine photodegradation

This work was designed to explore the characteristics of photodegradation of herbicides in the copper-polluted water body. The results showed that Cu(II) alone could induce a photo Fenton-like reaction to enhance the degradation of atrazine, in which hydroxyl radical ( OH) was a main active species. Humic acids restrained atrazine degradation, nevertheless, when introducing Cu(II), the photodegradation was accelerated, in which singlet oxygen (1O2) replaced OH acting as the prevailing species. A feasible mechanism for the photochemical process was also proposed, which is helpful for better understanding the environmental photochemistry of atrazine in the copper-polluted water.     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

扬水曝气器曝气室提水性能模型应用研究

文章根据扬水曝气器曝气室的流体特性,在曝气室内气-液两相流体所受推动力和曳力平衡条件下,建立了一维两相流提水性能模型,并应用于同温层曝气器流体运动特性的模拟预测。结果表明:模型对同温层曝气器上升段气含率的估计值与实测值之间的误差限为±10%,对流体表观上升速度的误差限为±20%。这说明提水性能模型对同温层曝气器的流体特性模拟具有很强的适用性。     

天然草原鲜草逾10.5亿t

正农业部发布的《2013年全国草原监测报告》显示,2013年我国草原保护建设力度进一步加大,草原畜牧业生产方式加快转变,全国天然草原鲜草产量再创新高,草原生态呈现加快恢复的良好态势.2013年,全国天然草原鲜草总产量达到105581.2万t,较上年增加0.59%,为近10年来最高.