战略环境影响评价有效性概念解析及评估方法研究

在系统回顾国内外战略环境影响评价(SEA)有效性研究的基础上,探讨了战略环境评价有效性的内涵,提出了包括执行过程有效性和发挥作用有效性的SEA有效性概念模型,尝试性地构建了SEA有效性评估的指标体系,并运用规范的模糊综合评判法对天津滨海新区战略环境影响评价的有效性进行评价,从而为SEA有效性评估提供思路,并期望对我国SEA的建设有所裨益。     

天津市环境污染损害鉴定评估中心入选环保部推荐机构名单

正为贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届三中全会关于"实行最严格的损害赔偿制度、责任追究制度"的精神,发挥环境损害鉴定评估对环境司法、环境监督管理的技术支撑作用,满足社会对环境损害鉴定评估的需求,环保部在各省级环保部门推荐和环保部直属单位自荐的基础上,经过重重筛选,于2014年年初公布了第一批环境损害鉴定评估推荐机构名单,天津市环境污染损害鉴定评估中心为12家环保部推荐机构之一,是天津市     

用于土壤及地下水修复的多相抽提技术研究进展

多相抽提技术(multi-phase extraction,MPE)是当前国外修复被挥发性有机物污染的土壤和地下水的主要技术之一,它通常通过同时抽取地下污染区域的土壤气体、地下水和非水相液体污染物(non-aqueous phase liquid,NAPL)至地面进行分离及处理,达到迅速控制并同步修复土壤与地下水污染的效果。为了加深对该技术的认识,列举了MPE技术的工艺特点和技术原理,总结了MPE系统的设计要点和思路,以及MPE技术相对于传统修复技术的优势和不足。针对MPE技术的特点,总结分析了针对土壤包气带、含水层性质和污染物特征的MPE技术适宜性评估方法。最后,列举了MPE技术在国内外的典型案例。     

3种典型兽药抗生素的环境暴露评估

建立了兽药在不同环境介质中的暴露浓度预测方法,选择我国养殖业常用的3种典型兽药抗生素磺胺二甲嘧啶(SDM)、土霉素(OTC)和恩诺沙星(ENF),对其环境暴露评估进行研究。结果显示,粪便中SDM的土壤预测暴露水平(PEC)为53.07~735.07 mg·kg-1,OTC的PEC为13.30~160.51 mg·kg-1,ENF的PEC为1.60~40.35 mg·kg-1;土壤中SDM的最大PEC为534.84~13 820.24μg·kg-1,OTC的最大PEC为172.66~3 054.71μg·kg-1,ENF的最大PEC为67.61~2 484.71μg·kg-1;地表水中SDM的PEC为134.27~3 469.62μg·L-1,OTC的PEC为0.12~2.18μg·L-1,ENF的PEC为0.02~0.87μg·L-1。通过比较PEC与相关文献的实际检测结果,初步探索了兽药环境暴露预测模型在我国兽药环境暴露评估中的适用性。     

美国EPA高通量暴露建模工具适合化学物质分级

正2014年7月30日来自美国EPA科学协调与政策办公室(OSCP)的一个研究小组表示,美国EPA用于估计化学物质暴露的高通量工具适合用于对化学物质进行分级。该研究小组在参加《联邦杀虫剂、杀真菌剂和杀鼠剂法》(FIFRA)科学顾问小组的一次关于与用于估计化学品暴露的新高通量方法相关的科学问题的会议上,重点讨论了ExpoCast——一项旨在开发基于人类暴露潜力筛查化学物质的高通量工具的环保署计划。     

Comprehensive health condition assessment on partial sewers in a southern Chinese city based on fuzzy mathematic methods

A self-developed sewer health assessment system using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytical hierarchy process was applied to give a comprehensive health condition evaluation on part of the local sewers in a southern Chinese city based on the sewer video data collected by a sewer inspection closed circuit television （CCTV） robot. Aside from the overall condition evaluation, the structure, function, and stability status of the sewer were also analyzed using the method. A comprehensive index H was proposed to give the overall health condition of pipes with different defects, and Ht, Hs, and If were used to quantify the defects affecting the tightness, stability, and function of the pipe, respectively. Results show that 48% of the inspected pipes were in good condition （0〈H〈0.25）, and about 33% of the sewer pipes analyzed were categorized to be at severe or urgent condition levels （H 〉 0.5）, although most of the pipes were installed only within five years. Frequent sedimentation affects the function of the sewer, and deformation and joint damage affect the structure of the sewer.     

Comparative study on the efficiency and environmental impact of two methods of utilizing polyvinyl chloride waste based on life cycle assessments

Two processes of utilizing polyvinyl chloride （PVC） waste, an incineration process and a vacuum pyrolysis process, for energy conversion were compared to determine their efficiency and environmental perfor- mance. We carried out a life cycle assessment with each of the two processes to evaluate their environmental impact and defined the goals and limits of our remit. As well, we established an inventory of PVC waste from incineration and vacuum pyrolysis based on process analysis, data collection and calculations. The results show that electrical power output per unit mass of PVC waste in the incineration process was twice as high as that of the vacuum pyrolysis process. Incineration had a larger total environmental impact potential than vacuum pyrolysis. The total environmental impact potential of PVC waste from incineration was three times higher than that from vacuum pyrolysis. Incineration of PVC disposed 300 ng. 100 kgI of dioxins and vacuum pyrolysis 98.19 ng- 100 kgI of dioxins. As well, we analyzed the data for their uncertainty with results quantified in terms of three uncertainties： basic uncertainty, additional uncertainty, and computational uncertainty. The coefficients of variation of the data were less than 25% and the quality of the inventory data was acceptable with low uncertainty. Both PVC waste disposal processes were of similar quality and their results comparable. The results of our life cycle impact assessment （LCIA） showed considerable reliability of our methodology. Overall, the vacuum pyrolysis process has a number advantages and greater potential for development of PVC disposal than the incineration process.     

区域生态环境服务价值评估 --以延安市宝塔区为例

将小尺度行政区域作为研究对象,建立区域生态环境服务价值评估模型。模型重点考虑了2个方面:第一,主体生态系统对区域生态环境服务价值的贡献大小及主体生态系统之间的相互影响;第二,估算主体生态系统价值时考虑直接使用价值、间接使用价值、非使用价值的重复或遗漏及生态环境服务价值随社会经济的变化。以陕西延安市宝塔区为例进行评估,得到2002年宝塔区生态环境服务价值为118322.214万元。     

基于ODS2002超声波检测技术的高温炉管寿命评估

高温炉管是电站锅炉的重要部件之一,其工作环境为高温高压,在此条件下长期运行,其材料性能会明显下降,从而加剧炉管寿命的缩短,因此对长期使用的高温炉管进行状态检查和寿命评估是十分必要的.本文利用ODS2002氧化皮厚度测量仪及寿命预测装置,对山东某电厂高温炉管开展氧化层厚度检测,评估其剩余寿命,为电厂年度大修提供理论依据与...     

2002~2009年兰州PM10人体健康经济损失评估

参考近年来公开发表的国内外流行病学文献,筛选出PM10的健康效应终点和适合于兰州地区的暴露-反应关系系数,对2002~2009年兰州地区PM10人体健康经济损失进行了计算.结果表明2002年以来兰州地区PM10人体健康经济损失并未明显升高,而是逐年波动;年损失值均在10亿元以上,其中2009年最高为16.6亿元; PM10人体健康经济损失与GDP的比值呈明显下降的趋势.