ABR+生物接触氧化法处理高浓度有毒有机废水

本文采用ABR+生物接触氧化组合工艺处理含苯酚的高COD有毒有机废水,实验研究了ABR反应器的抗毒性及对COD、苯酚和NH3-N的处理效果。实验结果表明:废水COD和苯酚的去除主要发生在厌氧阶段;在苯酚质量浓度1 000 mg/L左右时,ABR反应器和常规厌氧反应器的处理效率均出现明显的下降趋势,但ABR反应器对苯酚的耐受浓度明显高于常规厌氧反应器;相比于常规厌氧反应器,ABR反应器推流式的特性实现了产酸和产甲烷优势菌群的分离,具有较高的COD、苯酚的去除率和较强的抗毒性;对NH3-N的去除,ABR反应器的强化效果不明显。     

生物质能源为绿色经济抹一片“亮色”

"生物质能不但对于解决全球的能源需求起到非常重要的作用,还可以直接对气候的环境保护起到良好作用,尤其是在亚太地区可以大范围应用"联合国计划署国别主任白桦在近日举行的"2015走进种植能源新时代论坛"上如是说。2月12日,联合国开发计划署(UNDP)主办,武汉凯迪电力股份有限公司与《财经》杂志共同承办的2015"走进种植能源新时代"论坛在武汉开幕。联合国计划署国别主任白桦在论坛上表示,生物质能源可再生、分散式,并且对于减缓气候变化有一定的作用,现在被     

《环球同此凉热》解说词连载

生命的存在,依赖于自然赐予的食物、水和空气。然而,人类不惜代价的发展和日益膨胀的消费欲望,正在耗尽这个星球有限的资源。等待我们的未来将会是什么样子?在那个最坏的结局到来之前,必须重新定义我们的世界和我们的生活……莱茵河畔的回忆迎着清晨的阳光,勃艮第号考察船开始了一天的航行。20多年来,勃艮第号随时警惕着莱茵河上的污染事件,并对水质的细微变化做即时的科学检测。和往常一样,约亨·菲舍尔博士和他的助手开始采集水样以及生物标本。     

浅谈环境监测实验室如何定期使用有证标准物质开展内部质量控制

通过有证标准物质(CRM)的选择以及质控数据的判断两个方面,并结合实验室有证标准物质的管理和使用现状,阐述了环境监测实验室如何定期使用有证标准物质开展内部质量控制,以达到实验室质量保证的目的。     

科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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浅谈企业安全文化体系的构建与创新

结合中海福建天然气有限责任公司在安全文化建设方面的成功实践,对企业安全文化建设的途径和方法提出建议。     

铅元素人为循环环境释放物形态分析

环境中铅污染物来自于物质人为循环的环境释放,铅释放物的形态差异意味着其在环境介质中迁移和转化的起始状态不同.确定铅元素人为循环环境释放物的形态,可以为环境风险评估和源头管理提供科学依据.本研究通过追踪铅元素人为循环流动过程,应用物理化学分析方法,辨识生命周期各阶段环境释放物中铅元素的形态,并以2010年为例,定量分析中国铅元素人为循环中环境释放物的形态分布特征.结果表明,2010年中国铅人为循环中环境释放物主要形态表现为PbSO4,约占总量的23.4%;其次是PbO、Pb和PbCO3,共占总释放量的46.2%.国内每消费1 kt精铅,将向环境释放547.9 t的铅,这些环境释放物中73.3%来源于产品使用阶段和废物处置与回收阶段;从形态看,PbSO4占释放物的量为128.2 t,主要来源于生产阶段和废物处置与回收阶段,PbO、Pb和PbCO3则分别主要来源于废物处置与回收、产品使用和生产几个阶段.     

Understanding the sources and composition of the incremental excess of fine particles across multiple sampling locations in one air shed

Well-designed health studies and the development of effective regulatory policies need to rely on an understanding of the incremental differences in particulate matter concentrations and their sources. Although only a limited number of studies have been conducted to examine spatial differences in sources to particulate matter within an air shed, routine monitoring data can be used to better understand these differences. Measurements from the US EPA Chemical Speciation Network （CSN） collected between 2002-2008 were analyzed to demonstrate the utility of regulatory data across three sites located within 100 km of each other. Trends in concentrations, source contribution, and incremental excesses across three sites were investigated using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. Similar yearly trends in chemical composition were observed across all sites, however, excesses of organic matter and elemental carbon were observed in the urban center that originated from local emissions of mobile sources and biomass buming. Secondary sulfate and secondary nitrate constituted over half of the PM2.5 with no spatial differences observed across sites. For these components, the excess of emissions from industrial sources could be directly quantified. This study demonstrates that CSN data from multiple sites can be successfully used to derive consistent source profiles and source contributions for regional pollution, and that CSN data can be used to quantify incremental differences in source contributions of across these sites. The analysis strategy can be used in other regions of the world to take advantage of existing ambient particulate matter monitoring data to better the understanding of spatial differences in source contributions within a given air shed.     

Effect of ozone on the performance of a hybrid ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon process

Two hybrid processes including ozonation-ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon （BAC） （Process A） and ceramic membrane-BAC （Process B） were compared to treat polluted raw water. The performance of hybrid processes was evaluated with the removal efficiencies of turbidity, ammonia and organic matter. The results indicated that more than 99% of particle count was removed by both hybrid processes and ozonation had no significant effect on its removal. BAC filtration greatly improved the removal of ammonia. Increasing the dissolved oxygen to 30.0 mg/L could lead to a removal of ammonia with concentrations as high as 7.80 mg/L and 8.69 mg/L for Processes A and B, respectively. The average removal efficiencies of total organic carbon and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm （UV254, a parameter indicating organic matter with aromatic structure） were 49% and 52% for Process A, 51% and 48% for Process B, respectively. Some organic matter was oxidized by ozone and this resulted in reduced membrane fouling and increased membrane flux by 25%-30%. However, pre-ozonation altered the components of the raw water and affected the microorganisms in the BAC, which may impact the removals of organic matter and nitrite negatively.     

高硫酸盐难降解废水高温厌氧处理中限量曝气的应用及影响

由于硫酸盐还原的影响,普通高温UASB反应器处理亚硫酸盐纸浆厂排出的高硫酸盐难降解废水过程中甲烷菌活性受到了严重抑制.考虑到空气对硫化氢的吹脱和对硫化物的氧化作用可能减轻硫化物对甲烷菌的抑制,本研究在厌氧反应器中引入限量曝气措施.试验结果表明,反应器的运行稳定性和处理能力均得到大幅提高.在有机负荷提高到原来2倍的情况下,曝气后COD去除率仍有提高,从40%～50%提高到60%～70%.试验证明部分甲烷菌可以耐氧,而某些种类的水解酸化细菌则对不完全厌氧环境比较敏感.