一种利用污泥和废石墨制备活性吸附材料的方法

该发明涉及一种利用污泥和废石墨制备活性吸附材料的方法,其特征在于从城市污水处理厂取剩余污泥,干化、研磨、过筛后按固液质量比1：（2．5～4．5）加入氯化锌和硫酸溶液,静止放置20～24h,烘干20～24h,处理后的污泥加入废石墨,加入量为污泥总质量的3％～10％;然后放入热解炉中进行热解,利用氮气隔绝空气,氮气流量控制在0．4～0．5L／min,加热速率控制在10～15℃／min,热解温度为500～800℃,热解时间为1．5～2．5h;热解后的产物先用浓度为3mol／L的盐酸溶液漂洗,促使其中的氧化物充分溶解,同时洗脱杂质,     

汽车磷化废水的处理研究及其应用

汽车磷化处理是对汽车的钢铁零件表面进行的一种化学加工工艺,其废水中含磷量高。采用石灰法处理磷化废水,在适当的pH值条件下能使PO4^3-达到良好的沉淀效果,而且石灰价格低廉,经济效益高;同时,通过研究氯化钙处理磷化废水的效果,分析和论证溶液的pH值和钙离子浓度对PO4^3-根沉淀效果的影响。     

硝化褐煤对铬离子溶液的吸附研究

利用硝酸与龙口褐煤反应制得硝化褐煤,使其有效吸附质腐植酸含量提高。用该湖化褐煤对铬离子进行吸附试验,研究吸附剂的吸附量、吸附动力学、吸附模型和溶液的pH值对吸附的影响。结果表明：硝化褐煤对铬离子具有良好的吸附特性,其静态等温吸附符合Langmuir等温议程。     

氯化钠溶液对煤体致裂增透实验研究

为提高对煤体的致裂增透效果,基于高压电脉冲液电致裂煤体增透技术,提出把液电效应中的水换成1mol/L的氯化钠溶液,进行煤块致裂增透实验,研究氯化钠溶液对煤体强化致裂增透效果。实验结果表明：高压电脉冲分别在1mol/L的氯化钠溶液和水中放电后,距电极30cm距离处,前者测得的压力峰值比后者测得的压力峰值提高近0.35MPa;在相同的1号煤块和2号煤块钻孔中分别加入水和1mol/L的氯化钠溶液,高压电脉冲对它们各放电8次后,2号煤块与1号煤块相比,2号煤块表面裂隙形成快,分支裂隙明显;根据2个煤块实验前后的首波声时差绘制的Origin等高线图,2号煤块内部产生的裂隙多,裂隙可以延伸到煤块边沿。高压电脉冲氯化钠溶液能够对煤体有致裂增透作用。     

水质硫化物直接吸收显色法中前置气体分离管存在的缺点和替换方法

介绍了直接吸收显色法分析水质硫化物中,气体分离管在实际操作中存在的缺点和氢氧化钾溶液替换气体分离管的优点,并通过实验来论证替换的可行性。     

Biosorption of clofibric acid and carbamazepine in aqueous solution by agricultural waste rice straw

Due to their widespread use, clofibric acid （CA） and carbamazepine （CBZ） have been frequently detected simultaneously at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environments. In this study, agricultural waste rice straw was employed as a potentially low-cost, effective and easy-to-operate biosorbent （RSB） to remove CA and CBZ. The adsorption of both pharmaceuticals followed pseudo second-order kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was an important rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms of both drugs were fit well with Freundlich model. The adsorption of CA onto RSB was exothermic and was more likely to be dominated by physical processes, while the adsorption of CBZ was endothermic. Solution pH was determined to be the most important factor for CA adsorption, such that the adsorption capacity of CA onto RSB increased with the decline of solution pH. In the lower range of solution pH below 3. l, the CA removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of biosorbent dosage. The CBZ removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of RSB dosage without pH control. The maximum adsorption capacities were 126.3 mg/g for CA and 40.0 mg/g for CBZ.     

Mercury removal using ground and calcined mussel shell

We determined mercury retention on calcined and ground mussel shell, in presence and absence of phosphate, using batch and stirred flow chamber experiments. In batch experiments the calcined shell exhibited higher Hg adsorption, with good fitting to Freundlich equation （R^2： 0.925-0.978）; the presence of phosphate increased Hg adsorption; mercury desorption was 13% or lower, diminishing up to 2% under the presence of phosphates. In stirred flow chamber experiments calcined shell retained more Hg than ground shells （6300 vs. 4000-5200 μmol/kg）; Hg retention increased an additional 40% on calcined shell and up to an additional 70% on ground shells when phosphates were present; mercury desorption was quite similar in all shell types （20%-34%）, increasing up to 49%-60% in ground shells when phosphates were present. The higher Hg adsorption on calcined shell would be related to its calcite and dolomite concentrations; mercury-phosphate interactions would cause the increase in Hg retention when phosphates are present. Data on Hg desorption suggest that Hg retention was not easily reversible after batch experiments, increasing in the stirred flow chamber due to convective flow. Calcined and ground mussel shells could be recycled removing Hg from water, with the presence of phosphates in solution improving efficacy.     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中吡啶的影响因素分析

采用顶空气相色谱法对水中吡啶进行测定,探讨了溶液初始pH值、NaCl浓度、顶空平衡温度和平衡时间等因素对吡啶溶液峰面积的影响。结果表明:随着溶液初始pH值和ρ(NaCl)的增大,吡啶溶液峰面积均先上升,最终分别于pH为7. 0,ρ(NaCl)为300 g/L时趋于平稳;吡啶溶液峰面积随着顶空平衡温度和平衡时间的升高均先缓慢增加,随后迅速上升至临界值后再明显下降,其相应的临界值分别为85℃和40 min。通过正交实验确定各个因素影响吡啶溶液峰面积的主次顺序为:溶液pH值>顶空平衡温度>顶空平衡时间>ρ(NaCl),其相应的最优顶空条件分别为pH 7. 0,85℃,10min,300 g/L。此方法的检出限为0. 0012 mg/L,平均加标回收率为98. 8%～102. 4%,RSD为2. 20%～4. 68%(n=5)。     

湖南某铅锌矿土壤重金属形态分析及淋溶液pH值对其淋滤的影响

为了解有色金属矿区土壤重金属形态及pH值对其迁移的影响,选取对土壤环境影响较大的Hg、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Cu元素进行研究。采用欧共体参比司的三步连续提取法研究了某铅锌矿区周边农田10个土壤样品中重金属的形态分布,根据重金属形态中酸可提取态重金属的百分比,可得6种重金属的迁移能力大小顺序为Cd>Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Hg;用2.3、4.1、5.6、7.2四个不同pH值的淋滤液淋溶尾砂矿柱50 d,检测数据显示,酸度的提高可以显著促进尾矿砂中重金属(Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd)的溶出;除Zn元素外,其他元素在50 d内的溶出量均随时间的推移而降低。根据不同检测时间段内淋溶液溶浸出的重金属元素含量分析可知,重金属对酸性淋滤的敏感程度顺序为Cu>Pb>Zn>Cd。综合分析得出该农田重金属污染严重程度顺序为Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu>Hg>Cr。     

离子膜法固体氢氧化钾的清洁生产工艺评价

通过离子膜法生产固体氢氧化钾的实例。评价了离子膜法是一种清洁生产方法，在污染预防方面化隔膜法优越得多，同时论证了必须对原材料选取，工艺流程，污染物的消化与排放、事故风险等各个环节，采取严格的污染预防措施，才能实现其清洁生产全过程控制。