Ce-Mn双金属氧化物深度催化氧化废气中的氯甲苯

采用Ce-Mn双金属氧化物深度催化氧化废气中的氯甲苯。实验结果表明:当n(Ce):n(Mn)为1:5时,CeO_2与MnO_x之间的协同效应最大,对氯甲苯的去除效果最好;在以纯氧为氧化剂、反应温度为360℃、氯甲苯体积分数为0.5%～1.5%、体积空速为12 000～30 000 h~(-1)的条件下,氯甲苯去除率可达100%。     

氯酚类化合物测定方法研究进展

总结了近年来氯酚类(CPs)化合物测定的常用方法,对每种方法的检出限、线性范围及优缺点作了详细的论述,重点介绍了分光光度法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、流动注射-化学发光法、电化学法、毛细管电泳法等方面的应用。     

零价铁还原协同微生物降解处理化工废水的研究

针对某工园区综合化工废水的水质特征,拟将零价铁(ZVI)还原与厌氧折板反应器(ABR)、前置反硝化(A/O)工艺耦合对其进行处理,考察了系统的运行效果,并对废水中的特征污染物——对氯硝基苯的降解性能进行了分析。结果表明,ZVI预处理后化工废水中残留的对氯硝基苯在ABR中厌氧微生物作用后得到进一步降解,且在ABR处理过程中COD去除率较单独ZVI或微生物作用时大幅提高,虽然ZVI对难降解有机物无矿化作用,但可将难降解有机物转化为毒性较小的有机物,明显改善废水的生化性;通过控制合适的混合液回流比、有效补充碳源和碱度,可以提高A/O系统的运行效率;在较佳的工况(ABR系统HRT为24h,A/O池污泥回流比为100%、混合液回流比为3∶1,碳源投加量为3.5g)下运行连续2个月,整个系统的COD平均去除率在90%以上,出水COD质量浓度基本低于100mg/L,NH3-N去除率在80%~90%,出水NH3-N质量浓度在20mg/L以下,出水对氯硝基苯、对氯苯胺质量浓度分别在0.58~4.08、0.68~5.88mg/L,出水水质符合《江苏省化学工业主要水污染物排放标准》(DB32/939—2006)。     

氯胺消毒对三卤甲烷生成影响因素研究

采用腐殖酸模拟天然水体中消毒副产物前体物,探求了氯氨比、氯胺投加量、总有机碳(TOC)浓度和Br-浓度在氯胺消毒过程中对消毒副产物——三卤甲烷(THMs)生成量的影响。结果表明:(1)随着氯氨比的降低,THMs及各组分的生成量显著减少。(2)THMs的生成量均随着氯胺投加量的增加而增加,且都呈现出了良好的线性关系。当氯胺投加量大于7.0mg/L时,氯代卤化物成了优势产物。(3)随着TOC浓度的增加,THMs生成量增加,且具有一定的线性关系;三氯甲烷和一溴二氯甲烷生成量均增加,氯氨比为3∶1(质量比,下同)时三氯甲烷和一溴二氯甲烷生成量增加了9.86、7.80μg/L,氯氨比为5∶1时则分别增加了15.21、13.62μg/L;三溴甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷生成量均呈现先增加后减少的趋势。(4)随着Br-浓度的增加,THMs、一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷和三溴甲烷生成量均增加,三氯甲烷生成量减少。溴化物的存在会促进THMs的产生。     

氯氰碘柳胺钠通过抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶SHP2诱导RAS突变型肺癌细胞衰老和死亡

含Src同源2结构域蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶2(Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2,SHP2)具有调控细胞增殖分化、维持周期、调节免疫等功能,与众多肿瘤的发生发展密切相关. SHP2是RAS蛋白(ratsarcoma protein,RAS)信号通路的重要调控蛋白,研究表明抑制SHP2活性能减缓RAS突变肺癌的进展. 因此筛选特异性的SHP2抑制剂,有助于为肺癌的治疗提供新的手段. 通过建立不同蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(protein tyrosine phosphatase,PTP)体外筛选体系,从化合物文库中筛得SHP2特异性抑制剂氯氰碘柳胺钠(closantel sodium,CS),其IC₅₀值为84.83 μmol/L. 采用Western Blot检测CS对SHP2磷酸化的抑制作用;采用细胞热转移试验(cellular thermal shift assay,CETSA)检测在不同温度及浓度下CS对SHP2的热稳定性的影响;采用CCK8检测CS对人肺癌细胞A549、NCI...     

Catalytic reductive dechlorination of p–chlorophenol in water using Ni/Fe nanoscale particles

Nanoscale bimetallic Ni/Fe particles were synthesized from the reaction of sodium borohydride （NaBH4） with reduction of Ni^2＋ and Fe^2＋ in aqueous solution. The obtained Ni/Fe particles were characterized by TEM （transmission electron microscope）, XRD （X-ray diffractometer）, and N2-BET. The dechlorination activity of the Ni/Fe was investigated using p-chlorophenol （p-CP） as a probe agent. Results demonstrated that the nanoscale Ni/Fe could effectively dechlorinate p-CP at relatively low metal to solution ratio of 0.4 g/L （Ni 5 wt%）. The target with initial concentration ofp-CP 0.625 mmol/L was dechlorinted completely in 60 rain under ambient temperature and pressure. Factors affecting dechlorination efficiency, including reaction temperature, pH, Ni loading percentage over Fe, and metal to solution ratio, were investigated. The possible mechanism of dechlorination ofp-CP was proposed and discussed. The pseudo-first- order reaction took place on the surface of the Ni/Fe bimetallic particles, and the activation energy of the dechlorination reaction was determined to be 21.2 kJ/mol at the temperature rang of 287-313 K.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

铁碳复合材料去除氯代有机物的研究进展

铁碳（Fe-C）复合材料可应用于污染场地中COCs的去除。综述了近年来Fe-C复合材料的制备方法（包括液相还原法、碳热还原法、水热碳化法、球磨法和绿色合成法），总结了几种常见碳材料载体（包括活性炭、生物炭、碳纳米管和石墨烯）的优缺点，梳理了Fe-C复合材料与COCs的相互作用机制（包括吸附、还原脱氯和刺激微生物脱氯），并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望，为Fe-C复合材料用于实际COCs污染场地的修复提供参考。     

常压设备氯腐蚀的动态风险预测模型

针对原油加工过程中常压设备因氯腐蚀引起穿孔、进而导致泄漏事故发生的问题,结合氯腐蚀试验与动态预测方法,建立常压设备氯腐蚀的动态风险预测模型,从而及时规避腐蚀泄漏风险。首先,针对常压塔设备材料Q345钢开展挂片腐蚀试验,在获取试验数据的基础上,采用灰色理论建立质量损失预测模型,通过计算可得随时间变化的腐蚀速率和累积腐蚀厚度;除此之外,运用马尔科夫链预测腐蚀状态的概率。结果表明,采用灰色理论建立的质量损失预测模型精度良好,且此模型可得任意时刻腐蚀速率及累积腐蚀厚度;与此同时,基于马尔科夫链建立的腐蚀状态概率预测模型表明,Q345钢在第3年和第15年分别进入腐蚀加速和腐蚀穿孔阶段,该结论可作为制定检维修计划的参考。     

两种咪唑氯盐类离子液体对水稻幼苗根部的毒性效应

按照毒性试验标准方法研究了1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([DMIM]Cl)、1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C12MIM]Cl)对水稻幼苗生长的影响,测定了水稻根的半数抑制浓度(IC50-5d)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、水稻根部丙二醛(MDA)含量及对水稻根系的生理影响.结果表明:两种离子液体(ILs)对水稻幼苗根部生长均具有抑制作用,随着浓度的增大抑制率增加,[DMIM]Cl和[C12MIM]Cl的根长IC50-5d分别为0.10 mg·L-1和0.054 mg·L-1,水稻幼苗根部对两种ILs均有氧化应激反应,在[DMIM]Cl和[C12MIM]Cl处理下,3种抗氧化酶活性均受到严重抑制,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,加剧了水稻幼苗根部细胞膜脂质过氧化作用.[DMIM]Cl和[C12MIM]Cl处理导致根系活力降低,根系质膜透性增大.