Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

沉床微生态控制体对水体TP及COD的去除率研究

针对水体富营养化的生态逆境,以个体沉床微生态作为研究的基本单元。即通过控制其非生物和生物成分,局部构建以满足水生植物适生环境为核心的水体生态结构体,由个体到总体,以点带面,从而实现总体生态功能目标的恢复。此法融合了恢复生态学人为设计、自我设计理论,并突出人为干预的主导作用。通过沉床微生态控制体改善水质的正交试验,运用数量化理论分析方法,筛选出最佳组合为陶粒箱+页岩+金钱蒲+雨久花,在静态时TP的去除率可达到(76.6±1.17)%,COD的去除率达到(37.4±2.27)%;在动态时TP的去除率可达到(39.5±1.17)%,COD的去除率达到(16.03±1.41)%。其显著性与可靠性均达到95%以上,此结果可作为两种水体恢复应用时的参考。     

在沸石对高放废液水泥固化体中Cs~+浸出率的影响

文章主要研究模拟高放废液加入沸石预处理经碱矿渣水泥固化后Cs+的浸出性能。实验结果表明,处理含Cs+高放废液固化体中加入沸石,能使Cs+浸出率降低";两步法"掺入沸石固化体抗Cs+浸出性能更有所提高;pH值升高Cs+的吸附比增大。     

《环境科学与技术》总目次

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环境试验技术实施过程中影响因素的探讨

论述了环境试验技术实施的全过程,重点阐述了有关标准、设备、人员、方法等因素的影响,指出实际工作中易忽视的情况,针对持续时间较长的气候性环境试验项目,提出了试验间隔确认经验值,最后对各因素影响试验结果的程度做了简要的探讨和分析。     

《装备环境工程》第一届理事会第一次会议在敦煌召开

2009年9月12日,《装备环境工程》第一届理事会第一次会议在敦煌召开。30余名代表参加了会议,会议代表都是来自国防系统、军队系统、著名高校和重点企业的领导和专家。会议由五九期刊社常务副社长李文涛主持。     

《安全与环境工程》2010年第17卷总目录

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耐淋雨试验系统的研制

对自行研制的耐淋雨试验系统进行了介绍。设备研制中对试验系统的试验台升降及旋转系统、降雨强度调节系统和控制系统进行了优化设计,同时根据环境试验要求,指出了该试验设备研制过程中所遇到的淋雨滴雨合一、受试面转换和温度调控等技术难点,并给出了解决途径。该试验系统研制成功,为考核装备的环境适应性和产品可靠性提供了科学的试验手段。     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...     

土壤-植物系统中铬的环境行为及其毒性评价

由于铬及其化合物的使用和含铬废弃物的大量排放,空气、土壤、水和食品都不同程度地受到了铬污染.对于铬污染,尤其是与人体健康密切相关的土壤系统铬污染的研究,已成为国内外相关领域的热点.其中铬在土壤-植物系统中的迁移转化规律备受关注.本文详细介绍了铬的基础化学、土壤-植物系统中铬迁移转化的影响因素(土壤理化性质、铬的供给形态、浓度、植物种类等)以及该系统中铬的生态毒性,总结了通过综合分析土壤-植物系统中植物、土壤微生物、土壤动物的生态毒理数据来评估土壤-植物系统中铬生态风险的方法,并指出了这一领域研究工作的不足之处,对今后的研究重点进行了展望.