我国新能源汽车产业发展现状、问题及对策

概念与意义 新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源（或使用常规的车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置）,综合车辆的动力控制和驱动方面的先进技术,形成的技术原理先进,具有新技术、新结构的汽车。新能源汽车包括：混合动力汽车（HEV）、纯电动汽车（BEV）、燃料电池汽车（FCEV）、氢发动机汽车以及燃气汽车、醇醚汽车等。发展现状与问题中国新能源汽车产业始于21世纪初。2001年,我国启动了＂863＂计划电动汽车重大专项,涉及的电动汽车包括三类：     

齐鲁乙烯开工锅炉试烧燃料气改造后的降耗减排分析

齐鲁分公司烯烃厂动力开工锅炉是齐鲁分公司燃料油的耗能大户,也是降耗增效和减排的重点.目前,国内市场燃料气(包括焦化干气和少量天然气)价格较为便宜,而且燃烧燃料气能有效降低大气污染物排放.因此完成开工锅炉A、B炉试烧燃料气改造后,可以取得良好经济效益和环保效益.     

英国可替代能源及节能

人类正面临着严重的石油短缺,因此正在努力减少化石燃料的使用以抑制温室气体排放所造成的全球变暖趋势。在此紧要关头,风能、太阳能、生物燃料等可替代能源就显示出了重要性。由于目前西欧正逐渐成为世界上人口最稠密的地区之一,这使得西欧在推行替代能源的过程中面临     

2030年能源展望与节能(上)

可替代能源21世纪的第一个10年刚刚走完,是时候来回顾世界在能源领域里所取得的成就并展望未来之路。特别是,在面对预期的环境恶化和气候变化情况下,全球气候政策应当作出怎样的调整以应对可能出现的自然灾害?正如气候学家和环境学家在10年前所警告的那样:"我们的地球正在升温"。如果我们不摆脱对化石能源的依赖并且发展可代替能源,到2030年,地球的温度将继续升高2摄氏度。     

多菌种混合发酵转化秸秆技术的研究及应用进展

农作物秸秆是农业生产的副产品,也是一项重要的生物资源。利用微生物的广泛适应性和多功能性来转化秸秆已日益受到国内外科学研究者重视,特别是多菌种混合发酵是将秸秆纤维素转化为蛋白质、乙醇、乙酸等最具发展前景的方法。文章通过混合菌降解秸秆纤维,转化利用秸秆制蛋白饲料、燃料酒精、农用沼气等方面,对混合菌发酵转化秸秆技术的研究进展进行阐述。混合菌发酵转化秸秆已成为农业综合开发领域的一个亮点,正在朝着多元化,深层次的方向发展。     

Unregulated emissions from diesel engine with particulate filter using Fe-based fuel borne catalyst

The alteration and formation of toxic compounds and potential changes in the toxicity of emissions when using after-treatment technologies have gained wide attention. Volatile organic compound（VOC）, carbonyl compound and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） emissions were tested at European Steady State Cycle（ESC） to study unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with a fuel-borne catalyst and diesel particulate filter（FBC–DPF）. An Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst was used for this study. According to the results, brake specific emissions of total VOCs without and with DPF were 4.7 and4.9 mg/kWh, respectively, showing a 4.3% increase. Benzene and n-undecane emissions increased and toluene emission decreased, while other individual VOC emissions basically had no change. When retrofitted with the FBC–DPF, total carbonyl compound emission decreased 15.7%, from 25.8 to 21.8 mg/kWh. The two highest carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, were reduced from 20.0 and 3.7 to 16.5 and 3.3 mg/kWh respectively. The specific reactivity（SR） with DPF was reduced from 6.68 to 6.64 mg/kWh. Total particle-phase PAH emissions decreased 66.4% with DPF compared to that without DPF. However, the Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent（BaPeq） with DPF had increased from 0.016 to 0.030 mg/kWh.Fluoranthene and Pyrene had the greatest decrease, 91.1% and 88.4% respectively. The increase of two- and three-ring PAHs with DPF indicates that the fuel-borne catalyst caused some gas-phase PAHs to adsorb on particles. The results of this study expand the knowledge of the effects of using a particulate filter and a Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst on diesel engine unregulated emissions.     

Pd/activated carbon sorbents for mid-temperature capture of mercury from coal-derived fuel gas

Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon（AC） for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere（simulated coal gas） was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres.     

彝族农户引入生物质炉CDM减排量估算与效益分析

以四川省凉山彝族自治州高效低排生物质炉推广项目为例,利用联合国清洁发展机制(CDM)项目方法学AMS.II.G估算了该项目的温室气体(GHG)减排量,并对其效益进行分析。凉山州农户安装使用了37 992台高效低排生物质炉。项目基准线调查结果表明,基准线情景下农户薪柴年使用量Bold值为5.6 t,主要用于炊事与取暖;非可再生生物质比例fNRB,y值为86%。37 992台生物质炉的年减排量为165 966 t CO2e,每年的减排收益为952.6万元。一定程度上改善了彝族农户生活质量,减少室内空气污染物排放;每年可节约157 494 t薪柴,占凉山州各类林地年薪柴供应量的3.3%,有利于森林资源的保护。     

喹啉为单一燃料在填料型MFC的产电特性研究

多环芳烃是我国近岸海域水体和沉积物中需要优先控制的首位有机污染物,喹啉是典型的含氮杂环芳烃,具有较大的毒性、致畸性和潜在的致癌作用。该研究利用填料型MFC对单一喹啉为燃料的产电性能进行了研究。经过6个月利用喹啉和葡萄糖作混合燃料的驯化,MFC中的阳极群落发生了改变,可以利用单一喹啉进行产电,以200 mg/L喹啉为燃料时的最大体积功率密度为2.7 W/m3。在没有外加葡萄糖可能带来的协同共代谢作用下,利用单一喹啉做燃料时,对喹啉在MFC中的降解途径进行了研究。实验结果表明,以喹啉为燃料时,MFC可以在不利用有机物本身作为电子受体的作用下,通过外电路的电子传递完成电子从阳极到阴极的传递而达到相同的目的。     

河南生物柴油产业技术优势与发展方向

生物柴油是以生物质为原料,通过物理、化学和生物的方法转化为长链烃类或脂肪酸甲酯为主的液体燃料。与燃料乙醇不同,生物柴油能量密度高,不会腐蚀发动机,可以完全替代石油。根据原料来源和生产工艺的不同,生物柴油分为两大类：一是以生物油脂为原料经转酯反应生成的脂肪酸（C12-C18）甲酯,即传统的生物柴油。根据生物油脂的来源不同,传统的生物柴油又可以分为动、植物生物柴油（第一代生物柴油）和微生物生物柴油（第二代生物柴油）