北部湾渔业船舶海上搜救现状分析及对策研究

广西是我国渔业大省之一,渔业产量列全国第七位,2007年渔业总产量308.6万吨。全区现有海洋机动渔船15000多艘,渔业船员8万多人。近年以来,随着广西北部湾海运经济和海洋渔业的不断发展,各种涉海活动日趋频繁,航行于北部湾的船舶和海上作业设施大量增多,船舶交通量快速增长,     

国务院办公厅要求：加强渔业安全生产工作

10月12日,国务院办公厅发出关于加强渔业安全生产工作的通知。 通知指出,加强渔业安全生产工作．对于促进渔业健康发展、保障人民群众生命财产安全、加快社会主义新农村建设具有重要意义。但是由于渔业作业地点分散．个体生产经营单位众多,受自然环境因素影响大,基础设施和技术装备相对落后等,渔业安全生产形势依然严峻。     

中国渔船扎堆非洲捕捞引生态担忧

正据法国《世界报》网站1月11日报道,非洲海岸人满为患,而中国渔民更是忙得不可开交。在中国从海外所得到的渔获中,有三分之二来自非洲水域,这势必会带来诸多问题。首先是生物多样性受到威胁。中国的渔船大多是那些破坏性极强的拖网渔船。渔船越来越大,它们对海洋物种的生存威胁就越大。20年的时间,西非地区的石斑鱼的数量减少了80%以上。非洲海域鱼类资源的减少也与中国渔业企业在     

当前渔业安全生产存在问题与对策

近年来,在各级政府及海洋渔业管理部门的共同努力下,我国渔业安全生产形势得到了进一步好转。但也应当清醒地看到,当前基层乡镇和渔村的渔业安全生产管理依然比较薄弱,渔业生产安全事故仍时有发生。     

近30年来高邮湖(含邵伯湖)自然水域面积变化及其影响因素

湖泊水域面积变化特征反映气候与人类活动对湖泊生态系统结构与功能的影响,对湖泊健康评价与水生态修复有重要指导价值.以1988-2015年8期Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像为数据源,综合运用目视解译法与比值阈值法提取了研究区高邮湖（含邵伯湖）及其围网养殖区的边界信息,分析了研究区水域面积变化特征及其影响因素.结果表明:①1988-2015年研究区自然水域面积呈现前期持续缩小、近期部分恢复的阶段性变化趋势.其中,1988-2000年自然水域面积缓慢缩减,平均减小速率为4.08 km2/a;2000-2011年迅速缩减,平均减小速率为12 km2/a;2011-2015年迅速增长,自然水域面积增加108 km2;1988年自然水域面积最大（716 km2）,2011年最小（535 km2）,2015年部分恢复（643 km2）.②1988-2015年流域内年均降水量先减后增,年均气温逐渐升高.年均气温升高与自然水域面积变化具有相关性（R2=0.472）;年均降水量则与自然水域面积变化无明显关联（R2=0.118）.③1988年和1992年研究区内未见明显的围网养殖,2000年围网养殖区面积仅为45 km2,2011年最大,达199 km2.2000-2009年和2009-2015年围网养殖区面积平均增长速率分别为15.56和9.00 km2/a;北部湖区围网养殖集中,自然水域面积变化最为显著,东西湖区次之.研究显示,1988年以来,年均气温和围网养殖对高邮湖自然水域产生了显著影响,湖区北部湿地侵占严重,湿地生态屏障功能下降.      

Phosphorus accumulation and eutrophication in feed-supply freshwater fishponds

The rapid growth and intensification of freshwater fishery can cause imbalances between phosphorus （P） input in feed and its output in produce. This aquaculture can result in enriching exogenous P in fishponds and, consequently, accelerates the process of eutrophication. To assess relations among input, accumulation, release of P and as a consequence degrading water quality in terms of chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） in freshwater fishponds, fourteen fishponds with feed supply, nine fishponds without feed supply, and five nonfish ponds in Shaoxing Plain, southeast China were selected for comparing P accumulation in their waters and surface sediments. Surface sediment samples were collected from each pond to evaluate their total P, water soluble P, Olsen P, algal available P, and P fractions. Water samples were also collected from the ponds to measure concentrations of dissolved P and Chl-a. Total P in the sediments ranged from 0.88 to 1.73 g/kg in the fishponds with feed supply, that in the non-fish ponds ranged from 0.47 to 0.86 g/kg. Organic P, accounted for 23% to 60% of total P in the sediments, was an important P fraction and increased linearly with increasing organic matter. Long-term application of feeds resulted in increased P availability in the bottom sediments and degradation of water quality in the freshwater fishponds. Compared with non-fish ponds, sediments from the feed-supplied fishponds contained considerably higher Olsen P, algal available P, and water soluble P. Higher proportions of the labile P （NH4Cl-P） and potentially labile P （NaOH-IP） were also found in the sediments from the fishponds. High solubility of P in the sediments resulted in elevation of P and chlorophyll-a concentration in the pond water. The dissolved P concentration in the pond water increased in the order of non-fish ponds （12μg/L） 〈 fishponds without feed supply （24 μg/L） 〈 fishponds with feed supply （66 μg/L）. Linear correlations between concentrations of total P, Olsen-P, algal available P, water-soluble P and P concentration in saturation extracts in the sediments and dissolved P in the pond water indicated that there was a buffering action of the sediment constituents on the dissolved P.     

Petroleum hydrocarbons and their effects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea, North China

Systematic studies on the changes in concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) and their e ects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea during 1974–2004 are presented. Changes in PHs concentrations were closely related to Yellow River runo . Concentrations of PHs accumulated in fish and shrimp increased by about 0.712 mg/kg dry weight when trophic level of fish and shrimps increased by 1. Attention should also be paid to the high PHs concentrations in mollusks along the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea. Average concentration of PHs in the adjacent coastal waters of Tianjin City during 1996–2005 decreased the population growth rates of fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the Bohai Sea by 2.58%, 6.59% and 2.33%, respectively. Therefore, PHs have significantly contributed to the decline in fisheries in the Bohai Sea, and they must be reduced to realize the sustainable fisheries.     

长江三角洲渔业水环境质量现状及对策建议

长江三角洲地区渔业水环境现状评价表明,影响本地区水域水质的主要项目有石油类、溶解氧和非离子氨,部分地区水域已不能满足渔业生产的要求。因此,本文提出了本地区渔业水环境的保护对策建议,希望能引起有关方面的高度重视,促进本地区渔业水环境的保护和治理,以确保本地区渔业生产的可持续发展。     

贵州省生态渔业(池塘养殖、流水养殖、设施养殖)对水生态环境影响初探

为掌握生态渔业对贵州省水生态环境可能造成的影响,选择省内9个典型渔场开展不同养殖模式(池塘、网箱、设施养殖)对水体环境的影响机制与生态效应研究.研究结果表明:影响渔场水质的主要环境因子是CODMn、Chl-a、NH4+及WT、pH、EC和DO.其中不同生态渔业养殖模式水体由于鱼类的高密度,均呈现不同状态的富营养化,如直...     

洪泽湖渔业水质监测点位优化布设

基于2001—2011年洪泽湖水质溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、总氮、氨氮和总磷长期定位监测数据,采用物元分析法研究洪泽湖渔业水质监测站位的优化布设。结果表明,用物元分析法将原来的21个监测站位优化为14个,监测点位优化后对监测结果无明显影响。