Understanding the sources and composition of the incremental excess of fine particles across multiple sampling locations in one air shed

Well-designed health studies and the development of effective regulatory policies need to rely on an understanding of the incremental differences in particulate matter concentrations and their sources. Although only a limited number of studies have been conducted to examine spatial differences in sources to particulate matter within an air shed, routine monitoring data can be used to better understand these differences. Measurements from the US EPA Chemical Speciation Network （CSN） collected between 2002-2008 were analyzed to demonstrate the utility of regulatory data across three sites located within 100 km of each other. Trends in concentrations, source contribution, and incremental excesses across three sites were investigated using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. Similar yearly trends in chemical composition were observed across all sites, however, excesses of organic matter and elemental carbon were observed in the urban center that originated from local emissions of mobile sources and biomass buming. Secondary sulfate and secondary nitrate constituted over half of the PM2.5 with no spatial differences observed across sites. For these components, the excess of emissions from industrial sources could be directly quantified. This study demonstrates that CSN data from multiple sites can be successfully used to derive consistent source profiles and source contributions for regional pollution, and that CSN data can be used to quantify incremental differences in source contributions of across these sites. The analysis strategy can be used in other regions of the world to take advantage of existing ambient particulate matter monitoring data to better the understanding of spatial differences in source contributions within a given air shed.     

Atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride in-situ measurements at the Shangdianzi regional background station in China

We present in-situ measurements of atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride（SF6） conducted by an automated gas chromatograph–electron capture detector system and a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system at a regional background site, Shangdianzi,in China, from June 2009 to May 2011, using the System for Observation of Greenhouse gases in Europe and Asia and Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment（AGAGE）techniques. The mean background and polluted mixing ratios for SF6 during the study period were 7.22 × 10-12（mol/mol, hereinafter） and 8.66 × 10-12, respectively. The averaged SF6 background mixing ratios at Shangdianzi were consistent with those obtained at other AGAGE stations located at similar latitudes（Trinidad Head and Mace Head）, but larger than AGAGE stations in the Southern Hemisphere（Cape Grim and Cape Matatula）. SF6 background mixing ratios increased rapidly during our study period, with a positive growth rate at 0.30 × 10-12year-1. The peak to peak amplitude of the seasonal cycle for SF6 background conditions was 0.07 × 10-12, while the seasonal fluctuation of polluted conditions was 2.16 × 10-12. During the study period, peak values of SF6 mixing ratios occurred in autumn when local surface horizontal winds originated from W/WSW/SW/SWS/S sectors, while lower levels of SF6 mixing ratios appeared as winds originated from N/NNE/NE/ENE/E sectors.     

增产作业中的HSE管理

油气田增产作业是一种高危职业.施工人员在现场必须面对各种化学品、高压及三相电源等一系列潜在的威胁,而井场也存在被污染的可能性.为了降低风险,确保施工任务的顺利完成,四川石油管理局井下作业公司(简称"井下公司")采取了一系列措施来加强施工现场的HSE管理和安全监督,严格控制"三违"现象,及时整改现场隐患.使得增产作业中的事故得到最大限度的控制,员工的生命财产得到保障.     

浅谈班组现场安全管理

企业搞好安全生产关键在班组,班组安全管理重在抓现场,现场管理的对象是人、机、环境、三大因素.     

隐患放大镜

现场施工作业基础开挖或是需要在工地开挖临时的排水沟、电缆沟．或是需临时敷设地下管道时,在没有确认地下物件的具体情况和位置时．施工方随意用施工机械直接对地面进行开挖作业：有的是明知地下埋有物件,但为了追求施工进度或是抱着试试看的想法,贸然使用机械开挖．特别是已知地下有燃气、电力等设施时．会给开挖作业带来极大风险。     

基于物联网的作业现场安全管控技术研究

针对当前炼化企业作业过程事故频发、本质安全理念不深入、"三基"工作落实不到位的问题,提出了基于物联网的作业现场安全管控技术方案。以现有作业现场安全管控为基础,分别在入场关、作业前审查关、作业过程监护关和离场验收关几个主要业务环节,增加多道自动识别监管防线,构建施工作业安全防护屏障,建立作业现场传统安全+物联网安全管控新模式。经过炼化企业的现场验证,表明该技术能够显著提升作业现场的工作效率,强化责任落实效果。     

乌鲁木齐河水中有机悬浮物的分析

本文对乌鲁木齐河中、上游河段悬浮物中的有机物进行了分析，结果表明：冰川站、英雄桥和青年渠道采样点有机物种类达４０余种，总含量分别为１．０，１．１４和１．２ｍｇ．１＾－１，其中Ｃ２９烷烃相对含分别为７．９４％，１５．４９％和１８．４９％，邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯相对含量分别为３０．２８％，２２．２８％和３３．７５％，乌鲁木齐河中、上游河段受到程度不同的酞酸二酯的污染。     

汽车配件行业环保竣工验收现场踏勘及现场监测要点分析

根据汽车配件行业污染物产生环节及排放特点,分析在该类项目环保竣工验收监测中现场踏勘及现场监测应重点关注的几个问题,为此类项目的竣工验收监测工作提供参考,为环境管理提供依据。