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51.
-PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electro-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. We confirmed pure -PbO2 crystals were on the electrode and it had a high
oxygen evolution potential. The photoactivity and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the -PbO2 electrode were investigated
under visible light irradiation ( > 420 nm) for the decolorization of Methylene Blue. Pseudo first-order kinetics parameter (Kapp) for
dye decolorization using the -PbO2 electrode achieved 6.71×10?4 min?1 under visible light irradiation, which indicated its excellent
visible light-induced photoactivity. The Kapp of the PEC process was as much as 1.41×10?3 min?1 and was 1.71 times that of visible light
irradiation or electrolysis even in the presence of the -PbO2 electrode. A significant synergetic effect was observed in the PEC system.
We also employed TiO2 modified -PbO2 electrodes in this test, which revealed that the TiO2 immobilized on the -PbO2 electrode
inhibited the visible light-induced PEC efficiency despite the amount of TiO2 used for electrode preparation. The -PbO2 electrode was
also superior to the dimensionally stable anode (Ti/Ru0:3Ti0:7O2) in visible light-induced photoactivity and PEC efficiency. 相似文献
52.
Oon Lee Kang Nazaruddin Ramli Mamot Sai Musa Ahm Suhaimi Md Yasir Arbakariya Ariff 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):918-922
The Cr(III) sorption experiments onto Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass were conducted at different pH values (2–6) under the
conditions of initial metal concentration of 10–50 mg/L and the chemical compositions of Cr-Cu and Cr-Cd. The Cr(III) sorption
capacities were slightly dependent on pH, and the maximum sorption capacity was 0.86 mg/g at pH 3. The sorption capacities
increased with increase in the initial metal concentration, whereas it was suppressed by the presence of Cu(II) and Cd(III) in the
solution. The Cr(III) sorption equilibrium was evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich and BET isotherms. The sorption mechanisms
were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The main mechanisms were ion
exchange coupled with a complexation mechanism. Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass represents a potential for Cr(III) ion removal
from aqueous solution. 相似文献
53.
团簇离子源的发明和使用,使飞行时间二次离子质谱(TOF-SIMS)法成为材料表面化学分析越来越重要的手段,TOF-SIMS法的主要测试功能包括表层质谱、化学成像及深度剖析3种。采用TOF-SIMS法对一次污染过程中的大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)的表层进行检测,得到了PM2.5表面成分的质谱及成像信息。结果表明:PM2.5表层存在多种金属离子,通过扫描电子显微镜能谱仪的形貌与飞行时间二次离子质谱仪的成像亮度分析可知,K+、Na+、Mg2+响应强度相对较强,含量较高;通过原子吸收光谱仪进行金属离子定量可知,2018年11月4日和12月24日的K+、Na+、Mg2+的平均质量分别为1.809 5、0.443 8、1.526 2 mg;从形态分布上看,PM2.5表面烟尘集合体含量较多,其次为燃煤飞灰、矿物颗粒和超细未知颗粒;PM2.5表层的有机物离子CxHy片段也较多,经过m/z的测试数据进一步确定,表明颗粒物表层含有大量的脂肪烃和芳香烃;除此之外,还存在含N、O、S等的有机物和无机物。 相似文献
54.
55.
草鱼在2-硝基芴试验液中暴露后鳃组织结构变化的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用电镜观察的方法研究具有直接致突变性和致癌性的化合物-2硝基芴对草鱼鳃组织结构的影响,结果表明,2-硝基芴对鳃组织有明显的损伤,主要包括鳃小片的肿大和出现大量的泌氯细胞,并在作用10d时观察到上皮细胞死亡。 相似文献
56.
Qian Sui Jun Huang Yousong Liu Xiaofeng Chang Guangbin Ji Shubo Deng Tao Xie Gang Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(2):177-182
Bisphenol A (BPA) is of global concern due to its disruption of endocrine systems and ubiquity in the aquatic environment. It
is important, therefore, that e orts are made to remove it from the aqueous phase. A novel adsorbent, mesoporous carbon CMK-3,
prepared from hexagonal SBA-15 mesoporous silica was studied for BPA removal from aqueous phase, and compared with conventional
powdered activated carbon (PAC). Characterization of CMK-3 by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray di raction, and
nitrogen adsorption indicated that prepared CMK-3 had an ordered mesoporous structure with a high specific surface area of 920
m2/g and a pore-size of about 4.9 nm. The adsorption of BPA on CMK-3 followed a pseudo second-order kinetic model. The kinetic
constant was 0.00049 g/(mg min), much higher than the adsorption of BPA on PAC. The adsorption isotherm fitted slightly better with
the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model, and adsorption capacity decreased as temperature increased from 10 to 40°C. No
significant influence of pH on adsorption was observed at pH 3 to 9; however, adsorption capacity decreased dramatically from pH 9 to
13. 相似文献
57.
Ordered mesoporous carbon(CMK-3) was synthesized and functionalized with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole groups(AMT-OCMK-3) for Hg(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution. The modified CMK-3 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of solution pH, contact time, initial Hg(Ⅱ) concentration and matrix effect were studied. The adsorption data were successfully fitted with the Langmuir model, exhibiting high adsorption capacity of 450.45 mg/g of AMT-OCMK-3. In the solid-phase extraction system a series of experimental parameters such as sample flow rate, sample volume,eluent volume and concentration of the eluent solution have been investigated and established for preconcentration of Hg(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution. The results showed that the enrichment factor for Hg(Ⅱ) was 250, the precision(relative standard deviation(RSD), %) for six replicate measurements was 2.05% and the limit of detection for Hg(Ⅱ) was achieved at0.17 μg/L. 相似文献
58.
Hailin Wang Haoqing Tang Zhaotie Liu Xin Zhang Zhengping Hao Zhongwen Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(9):1879-1884
Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with chitosan (CTS, molecular weight = S x 104) was applied to remove heavy metal cations by using Co2+ as a model ion. An increase in MMT interlayer distance observed from X-ray diffraction indicates the intercalation of CTS into MMT. Together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the composite material of CTS and MMT (CTS-- MMT) was prepared successfully. The mass ratio of CTS to MMT had a strong influence on the adsorption performance of CTS-MMT. The highest adsorption value of 150 mg/g was obtained over the composite material with CTS to MMT mass ratio of 0.25, which is much higher than those reported in other studies. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results indicated that Co2+ was adsorbed over CTS-MMT in a multilayer model, and the chemical sorption of Co2+ was determined to be the rate-limiting step. 相似文献
59.
《资源节约和综合利用》2011,(1):30-30
由美国Sandia和Los Alamos国家实验室联合组建的综合纳米技术中心(CINT)日前宣布,他们在电子显微镜下造出了全球最小的电池,其阳极由一根纳米线构成,仅有人类头发的1/7000粗细。 相似文献
60.
Diesel soot aggregates emitted from a model dynamometer and 11 on-road vehicles were segregated by a micro-orifice uniform
deposit impactor (MOUDI). The elemental contents and morphological parameters of the aggregates were then examined by scanning
electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and combined with a fractional Brownian motion
(fBm) processor. Two mode-size distributions of aggregates collected from diesel vehicles were confirmed. Mean mass concentration of
339 mg/m3 (dC/dlogdp) existed in the dominant mode (180–320 nm). A relatively high proportion of these aggregates appeared in PM1,
accentuating the relevance regarding adverse health e ects. Furthermore, the fBm processor directly parameterized the SEM images of
fractal like aggregates and successfully quantified surface texture to extract Hurst coe cients (H) of the aggregates. For aggregates from
vehicles equipped with a universal cylinder number, the H value was independent of engine operational conditions. A small H value
existed in emitted aggregates from vehicles with a large number of cylinders. This study found that aggregate fractal dimension related
to H was in the range of 1.641–1.775, which is in agreement with values reported by previous TEM-based experiments. According
to EDS analysis, carbon content ranged in a high level of 30%–50% by weight for diesel soot aggregates. The presence of Na and
Mg elements in these sampled aggregates indicated the likelihood that some engine enhancers composed of biofuel or surfactants were
commonly used in on-road vehicles in Taiwan. In particular, the morphological H combined with carbon content detection can be useful
for characterizing chain-like or cluster diesel soot aggregates in the atmosphere. 相似文献