不同浓度硒处理对彩叶草铅胁迫的EDXS和XRD分析

以彩叶草（ColeusblumeiBenth．）为材料,用营养液培养方法,研究了不同浓度硒（se）处理对浓度为1．0mmol·L-1Pb2＋胁迫下彩叶草根、叶的形貌变化及其组分形态等变化,从光谱学角度初步探讨了硒对重金属铅毒害的缓解机制。结果表明：铅胁迫下的彩叶草根系c、K、ca含量减少,O、Mg、Al、Si、Fe、Pb含量增加,叶片中的C、Mg、Al、si、K、Ca、Fe含量减少,O、Cl含量增加。铅胁迫下硒处理的彩叶草根元素种类及其元素含量均发生了明显变化;根中晶体情况及其晶相也发生了相应变化。     

电子显微镜分析聚硅酸金属盐复合絮凝剂的形貌

向聚硅酸中分别引入铝盐、铁盐和硼砂,制得聚硅酸金属盐复合絮凝剂,用电子显微镜观察分析它们的形貌.结果发现:聚硅酸金属盐复合絮凝剂的形貌均为枝杈状聚集态,并带有分形特征,完全不同于聚硅酸的球形或椭圆形.与聚铝、聚合铝铁相比,聚集体的枝杈变粗,枝杈密度变高,同时沿中心核分形密度改变.这说明向聚硅酸中引入铝盐、铁盐及硼砂后,带正电的铝离子、铁离子及其水解产物与聚硅酸、硼酸分子相互作用和影响,改变了硅酸的聚合速度及聚合物的形貌,生成了新的聚合度更大的产物.     

pH值和离子强度对胡敏酸与芘之间相互作用的影响

本文采用荧光猝灭法研究了不同pH值和离子强度下胡敏酸与芘的结合常数(Kdoc)的变化,并结合芘的特征参数,I1/I3和原子力显微镜图像进行了分析.结果表明,离子强度对Kdoc数值的影响在不同pH值条件下呈现不同的规律.酸性和碱性条件下,Kdoc随着离子强度的增大逐渐减小;而在中性条件下,Kdoc值随离子强度的增大,先增大后减小.     

改性超细粉体灭火性能模拟实验研究

针对新一代超细高效粉体灭火剂的要求,构建了一套小型固定式粉体灭火装置,对3种粉体的灭火性能进行对比研究,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察粉体颗粒的粒径分布和表面形态,研究了粒径等因素影响粉体灭火性能的规律,指出了改性前后粉体灭火时间不同的原因.实验结果表明,与普通干粉相比,经改性细化的粉体的灭火时间缩短了1/2,灭火性能显著提高.     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

δ-MnO_2降低无机三价砷毒性的研究

文章利用自制的δ-MnO2对剧毒性无机A(sⅢ)进行了氧化吸附过程的实验室研究,考察了反应进程中各形态砷的变化,同时进一步对与高浓度A(sⅢ)反应前后δ-MnO2的结构和形貌进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)鉴定。实验结果表明,δ-MnO2通过氧化和吸附作用对A(sⅢ)的毒性去除效果显著,60 min内溶液中A(sⅢ)消失了72.3%。形态学研究表明,反应前后δ-MnO2的XRD图没有明显变化;而SEM图显示,反应后δ-MnO2的蜂窝状结构其固体孔隙比反应之前明显变小;EDX的数据显示δ-MnO2固体中出现了一定含量的As元素;δ-MnO2反应前后Raman光谱的吸收强峰由649 cm-1处变化到865 cm-1处,也表明出现了一部分可以永久固定在δ-MnO2固体内的A(sV)。该研究认为,δ-MnO2具有较强氧化和吸附活性,可以大大降低三价无机砷的毒性。     

Complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene over CeO2 nanocubes

The activities of CeO2 nanocubes calcined at di erent temperatures were tested for catalytic oxidation of o-xylene. Using CeO2 nanocubes as catalysts, complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene was achieved below 210°C. The CeO2 nanomaterials were characterized by means of BET, X-ray di raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). From the TEM images, all CeO2 nanocubes displayed cubic morphology irrespective of calcination temperature. The HRTEM images revealed that these nanocubes were enclosed by reactive f001g planes, which may contribute to the intrinsically catalytic property of o-xylene oxidation. The higher activity of CeO2 nanocubes calcined at 550°C than those calcined at above 550°C was attributed to their smaller crystallite size and larger surface area. The influences of reaction conditions were also studied, which found that a higher reaction temperature was necessary for complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at higher weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) and o-xylene concentration.     

首次发现有微生物能分解塑料

据《自然》杂志网站3月报道,马萨诸塞州森林洞穴海洋研究院（WHOI）科学家表示,他们首次在海洋中发现了能消化塑料垃圾的微生物,并提出了他们的新忧虑：塑料中的有毒物质有可能被引入海洋食物链中。海洋中有大量塑料,大部分都漂浮在水面下。在电子显微镜下,每片塑料都是一片绿洲或一块充满生物的暗礁。     

不同生长期的Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞对工业废水中Cu2+的吸附

研究了不同生长阶段的Cu^2 吸附细菌Pseudomonas-putida5-x对Cu^2 的吸附容量。结果表明在低硫培养基中，当P.putida 5-x细胞生长刚进入对数生长期时，单位细胞对Cu^2 的吸附溶量最低。而当生长进入稳定生长期的后期或死亡期的早期时，单位细胞对Cu^2 的吸附量最大。实验结果还表明，高浓度的Cu^2 对对数期细胞的吸附能力有一定的抑制，而对死亡期的细胞影响较小。早期 研究已证明细胞对重金属离子的吸附和细胞表面某些对重金属离子具有亲和性的功能基团（如某些膜蛋白及羰基化合物）有关。利用透视电子显微镜观察了不同生长阶段的细胞表面结构及对铜离子的吸附效果，发现生长后期细胞表面吸附有较多的Cu^2 ，这表明生长后期的细胞表面可能含有较多的这类功能基团。     

网络版论文摘要

正纳米TiO2电极的制备及电化学降解邻硝基苯酚张平解慧玲杨周生(安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院,安徽芜湖241003)采用阳极氧化技术在钛片表面制备出纳米TiO2,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其进行表征。利用制备的Ti/TiO2电极作为阳极、以Pt丝电极作为阴极,电化学降解邻硝基苯酚。使用紫外—可见光谱和液相色谱技术,对降解