高盐度水产品加工废水治理工艺研究

使用海水进行水产品加工的企业所排放的废水盐度、氨氮浓度高,在此环境下,微生物的活性受到影响,增长速度慢,产率系数低,处理难度较大,文章结合工程实例介绍了"水解酸化 两级生物接触氧化"处理高盐度水产品加工废水的运行效果,结果表明:对Cl-浓度平均8000mg/L的高盐度水产品加工废水,系统对COD、SS、氨氮的去除率分别超过了88%、90%、85%,出水COD、SS、氨氮分别低于100mg/L、70mg/L、15mg/L,出水完全可以达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准.     

盐度变化对日本虾暴发白斑综合症病毒病的影响

为研究盐度在对虾暴发白斑综合症（white spot syndrome)过程中所起的作用，进行了盐度变化对日本对虾免疫水平的影响实验及不同盐度下的人工感染实验，结果显示：（1）盐度是影响日本对虾生理，存活的重要环境因子；（2）盐度变化能够影响对虾的免疫状况，盐度升高和降低都会降低日本对虾的免疫水平；（3）在偏离对虾正常生存盐度的环境中，对虾抵御外来感染能力降低，易受病原体如WSSV的感染；（4）盐度变化是导致对虾爆发白斑综合症的重要诱因之一。     

盐度对污水硝化过程中N2Ｏ产量的影响

采用调节盐度（7.5 g/L）和未调节盐度（0.1 g/L）实际生活污水驯化的活性污泥,分别考察了其相应硝化过程中N₂Ｏ的产量和转化率.结果表明,盐度7.5 g/L生活污水硝化过程中N₂Ｏ产量是未调节盐度N₂Ｏ产量的2.85倍.考察其他盐度下污水硝化过程中N₂Ｏ产量与转化率的结果表明,盐度从7.5 g/L降低到5.0、 2.5 g/L后,N₂Ｏ产量变化不大,但系统比氨氧化速率随着盐度的下降有所增加;当盐度从7.5 g/L急剧增加到10 g/L后,硝化过程中N₂Ｏ产量和转化率均有大幅升高,产量达到7.5 g/L时的2.2倍,比氨氧化速率大幅下降.因此处理含盐污水时,应尽量避免盐度的过高波动,防止污水硝化过程中N₂Ｏ产量和转化率大幅地升高.     

Salinity intrusion characteristics analysis using EFDC model in the downstream of Geum River

As social interest in the environmental conservation and ecological restoration has recently increased, more research works have been done to resolve problems concerning environmental management of estuaries. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model, Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was used in the analysis of the salinity intrusion characteristics in the downstream of Geum River. The numerical simulation was performed to investigate the influence range for salinity intrusion when the gates were fully opened. The conditions used for simulation were the four flow regimes in Geum River Basin, Korea. Results indicated that the ranges of salinity intrusion from the barrage were 50.72 km (drought flow), 48.87 km (low flow), 46.56 km (normal flow) and 42.10 km (flood flow). These results indicated that the EFDC model used for numerical simulation has high accuracy. The result concluded in this study can be used as a basis in understanding the extent of salinity intrusion e ects at di erent flow rates.     

生化处理在高盐度皂化废水中的应用

报道了活性的污泥法在处理环氧丙烷生产过程中产生的高盐度皂化废水的成功应用,为同类化工厂处理高盐度皂化废水提供了宝贵的经验。     

Changes of plasma membrane AtPase activity, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina seedlings with various salinities

The salt-secreting mangrove, Avicennia marina, and non-salt-secreting mangrove, Kande/ia candel were cultivated in sand with various salinities(0‰, 100‰, 20‰, 30‰, 40‰) for 60 d. Plasma membrane vesicles of highpurity in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were obtained by two-phase partitioning. The function of the plasma membranes, the activity of ATPase, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient, at various salinities were investigated. The results showed that within a certain range of salinity( A. marina and roots of K. candel: 0-30‰; leaves of K. candel: 0-20‰), the activity of ATPase increased with increasing salinity, while high salinity (above 30‰ or 20‰) inhibited ATPase activity. In comparison with A. marina, K.candel appeared to be more sensitive to salinity. The dynamics of membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were similar to that of ATPase. When treated directly by NaCl all the indexes were inhibited markedly: there was a little increase within 0-10‰( K. candel) or 0-20‰( A. marina) followed by sharp declining. It indicated that the structure and function of plasma membrane was damaged severely.     

盐度对河口区水体中NH_3-N降解的影响研究

为了解咸潮上溯引起的河口区盐度变化对水体中营养盐降解环境的影响,设计了盐度对河口区水体中NH3-N降解的影响实验,即通过室内监测不同盐度条件下水体中NH3-N的降解情况,探讨NH3-N的降解与盐度的关系。结果表明,盐度的存在导致水体中NH3-N的降解出现一定程度的延迟,总体来看,盐度升高,NH3-N的降解延迟时间更长;在低盐度水体中,NH3-N浓度下降更为明显,在前期的降解速率也更高;盐度越高,NH3-N的降解系数越低。因此,应从严控制河口区以NH3-N为代表的营养物的排入总量,并对咸界以下河道适当实行差异化的水质目标管理。     

乙酰乙酰类芳胺的清洁生产技术

由大连贝斯特环境工程设备有限公司开发的高盐度矿井由胶州市精细化工有限公司开发的乙酰乙酰类芳胺的清洁生产技术,适用于乙酰乙酰类芳胺的清洁生产。主要技术内容     

不同灌溉水盐度下土壤真菌群落对生物炭施用的响应

咸水灌溉可缓解干旱区淡水资源短缺的问题,但是长期咸水灌溉会破坏土壤真菌群落结构.为缓解盐分带来的危害,采用生物炭作为土壤改良剂,以改善土壤真菌群落结构.为探究施用生物炭对盐渍化土壤真菌群落结构多样性的影响,设置两个灌溉水盐度：0.35 dS·m^-1(淡水)和8.04 dS·m^-1(咸水),在每个灌溉水盐度下,设置2个生物炭施用水平：0 t·hm^-2(不施)和3.7 t·hm^-2(施用).高通量测序结果表明,与淡水灌溉相比,咸水灌溉增加了真菌群落物种多样性,降低了真菌群落物种丰富度;在咸水灌溉条件下施加生物炭降低了土壤真菌群落物种多样性和物种丰富度.各处理土壤的优势菌门为：子囊菌门、被孢菌门、担子菌门、壶菌门、球囊菌门和罗兹菌门,优势菌属为：赤霉菌属、 Sarocladium、毛壳菌属、镰刀菌属和葡萄穗霉属.与淡水灌溉相比,咸水灌溉显著增加担子菌门和壶菌门的相对丰度,显著降低子囊菌门和罗兹菌门的相对丰度.咸水灌溉的条件下施用生物炭显著增加子囊菌门和Sarocladium的相对丰度,显著降低担子菌门、毛...     

NaCl盐度对氨氧化细菌活性的影响及动力学特性

含盐废水的硝化过程常常出现亚硝酸盐积累,NaCl盐度对氨氧化菌(AOB)活性的影响与动力学特性并不清楚.采用高浓度氨氮污水富集培养AOB,并成功实现短程硝化.对富含AOB的污泥进行荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)分析表明AOB占细菌总数比例为(55±7)%.污泥的最大比氨氧化速率为(0.92±0.13)gN/(gVSS·d).用此污泥考察了NaCl盐度对AOB活性的影响,并测定了10g/L时AOB的动力学参数(KNH3、Ko).试验结果表明,与盐度为0g/L时的AOB活性相比,盐度为15g/L时的AOB活性降低了37%;盐度为30g/L时降低了85%.盐度为10g/L时,AOB的最大比氨氧化速率为(0.62 ± 0.03)gN/(gVSS·d),底物半饱和常数KNH3值为(7.62 ± 0.13)mg/L,氧的半饱和常数Ko值为(0.39 ± 0.04)mg/L,其中KNH3测定值高于ASM2模型推荐值.NaCl盐度对AOB的抑制降低了最大比氨氧化速率,对底物(NH4+-N)传递存在影响.