Degradation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by an isolated high-efficiency bacterium strain

An aerobic bacterium strain, F-3-4, capable of effectively degrading 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol(2,6-DTBP), was isolated and screened out from an acrylic fiber wastewater and the biofilm in the wastewater treatment facilities. This strain was identified as Alcaligenes sp. through morphological, physiological and biochemical examinations. After cultivation, the strain was enhanced by 26.3% in its degradation capacity for 2,6-DTBP. Results indicated that the strain was able to utilize 2,6-DTBP, lysine, lactamine, citrate, n-utenedioic acid and malic acid as the sole carbon and energy source, alkalinize acetamide, asparagine, L-histidine, acetate, citrate and propionate,but failed to utilize glucose, D-fructose, D-seminose, D-xylose, sedne and phenylalanine as the sole carbon and energy source. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be: temperature 37℃, pH 7.0, inoculum size 0.1% and shaker rotary speed 250 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation kinetics of 2,6-DTBP with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was studied. Results indicated that 62.4% of 2,6-DTBP was removed after 11 d. The degradation kinetics could be expressed by Eckenfelder equation with a half life of 9.38 d. In addition, the initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP played an important role on the degradation ability of the strain. The maximum initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP was determined to be 200 mg/L. Above this level, the strain was overloaded and exhibited significant inhibition.     

用蚕豆根尖微核法监测与分析锦州市重点污染源废水中致突变物

蚕豆根尖细胞的染色体大，DNA含量较多，因而对诱变物反应敏感，利用企业废水对蚕豆根尖细胞核的诱变中微核数量的多少，即，微核干分率MCN‰大小来检测企业废水中致突变的能力，并且通过污染指数PI值来分析水质的综合毒性。     

海藻酸钠在重金属污染治理方面的研究

概述了海藻酸钠在重金属污染治理方面的应用及国内外研究现状和发展前景,分别从海藻酸钠作为吸附剂直接吸附和作为固定化细胞的载体两方面分析了对重金属的去除效果及对固定化细胞的影响.分析表明,海藻酸钠以其特有的结构和性质在重金属污染治理方面有较好的应用,具有广阔的发展前景,同时指出了当前研究中存在的问题和今后的发展方向.     

细菌还原U(VI)分子生物学机理的研究进展

铀（U）污染对生态环境和人类健康的潜在危害受到越来越多的关注.U（VI）还原细菌可将U（VI）还原至U（IV）,从而降低铀在水中的溶解性和移动性,达到污染修复的目的.目前发现的U（VI）还原细菌主要包括但不限于铁还原菌和硫酸盐还原菌.本文综述了细菌还原U（VI）的分子生物学机理,重点阐述了U（VI）还原细菌的胞外电子转移方式,包括希瓦氏菌的金属还原方式、土杆菌的孔蛋白介导方式和微生物纳米线方式.竞争性电子受体和共存离子对细菌还原U（VI）有重要影响.目前细菌还原U（VI）过程中胞外电子转移的机理仍需更多实证,土杆菌利用微生物纳米线和细胞色素协作调控电子转移的机制尚不明确.今后可将研究聚焦于细菌还原U（VI）机理的验证和完善,并开发和优化基于微生物还原的铀污染修复技术,进而提高铀污染生物修复效率和稳定性.     

电氧化杀藻过程中藻细胞活性变化的研究

由Ti/RuO2棒为阳极、不锈钢管为阴极组成电氧化管式反应装置,采用TTC-脱氢酶活性和中性红染色的活性测定方法,研究了电氧化杀藻中藻活性变化以及影响因素.结果显示,在8mA/cm2下处理30min后,以藻细胞密度计的杀藻率仅为45%,而此时TTC-脱氢酶活性下降了94%,中性红染色率为100%,藻细胞已无法再生长,已全部失活,表明活性指标比细胞密度更能准确反映杀藻处理效果.电解液种类对杀藻存在明显影响,常用电解液Na2SO4和NaNO3的杀藻效果相近,Na2SO4浓度对杀藻效果影响不大.但当电解液中含有0.1mmol/LNaCl时,杀藻效果明显提高,5min后的脱氢酶下降了87%,中性红染色率达到82%.藻样初始浓度对杀藻效果影响较大,细胞密度增大,杀藻效果急剧下降,以天然水为电解液,细胞密度达到水华时的4.4×107个/L,只需处理1min可将藻细胞全部灭活.     

Enhanced hepatotoxicity induced by repeated exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in combination in male rats

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are among persistent polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that exist as complex mixtures in the environment worldwide.The present study was attempted to investigate the hepatotoxicity following repeated exposure to TCDD and PCBs in combination in male rats,and to reveal the involvement of potential mechanisms.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to TCDD(10 μg/kg) and Aroclor 1254(10 mg/kg,a representative mixture of PCBs) alone ...     

Nitrification performance of nitrifying bacteria immobilized in waterborne polyurethane at low ammonia nitrogen concentrations

Suspended and waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria have been adopted for evaluating the e ects of environmental changes, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH, on nitrification characteristics under conditions of low ammonia concentrations. The results showed that nitrification was prone to complete with increasing pH, DO and temperature. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the e ects of temperature and pH on nitrification feature of suspended bacteria were slightly greater than those of immobilized nitrifying bacteria. Immobilized cells could achieve complete nitrification at low ammonia concentrations when DO was su cient. Continuous experiments were carried out to discuss the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic micropollute source water with the ammonia concentration of about 1 mg/L using immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets in an up-flow inner circulation reactor under di erent hydraulic retention times (HRT). The continuous removal rate remains above 80% even under HRT 30 min. The results verified that the waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets had great potential applications for micro-pollution source water treatment.     

一株耐辐射枯草芽孢杆菌的辐照抗性研究

研究室经过对枯草芽孢杆菌黑色变种进行了两次中子辐照,一次γ辐照和一次紫外线辐照,筛选得到了一株辐射抗性较强的菌株,称为耐辐射株.为了系统地考察这株耐辐射株的辐照抗性,分别以芽孢和营养体为材料,研究了其对中子、脉冲X光和紫外线的耐受性.结果显示,这株耐辐射株与原菌相比,对不同射线的耐受性都有不同程度的提高.但对于不同的辐...     

大庆地区几种工业废水生物遗传毒性水平的测试与评价

文章报道了利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术测试石油开采、石油化工等几种工业废水的遗传毒性水平。经统计学分析,各排放口的废水均有不同程度的遗传毒性效应。并利用污染指数进行生物毒性等级的划分,从生物毒理学角度为行业污染源管理、控制污染物排放提供科学依据。