电导率的测定与质量监督工作

电导率、矿化度和总硬度密切相关。由此电导率的测定值可用来检验矿化度和总硬度测定值的准确性,加强质量控制,本文指出,电导率的测定应作为水样的首测项目。     

Validation of a conductometric bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as marker of organic matter in river samples

This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions (peptides and amino acids), which results in a local conductivity change depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared: four enzymatic sensors with only one layer of enzyme (proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X) and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers (first layer: membrane containing proteinase K; second layer: one of the three other enzymes: trypsin, pronase or protease X). The biosensors were obtained through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour. The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon (TOC), and those of organic nitrogen (Norg), as determined by the laboratory accredits (CEMAGREF of Lyon) using the traditional method of analysis (NF EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy) and (NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay) respectively for each water sample obtained from di erent sites in Lyon (France). The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers: proteinase K + pronase (pkp). The optimum conditions for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 g/L for TOC and 0.218 g/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility (2.28%), a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10– 30°C (depending on the season) and moreover a long lifetime (5 weeks).     

SDBS胶束体系热力学性质的研究

文章选用十二烷基苯磺酸钠为研究对象,在(25±0.02)℃下,用Na+选择性电极法测量不同浓度的电动势(EMF),求出其临界胶束浓度(cmc)及反离子结合度,得出反离子与胶束结合的经验平衡常数Kass。在25～50℃范围内,每隔5℃电导率随温度的变化,求出对应温度下的cmc及其相应的一系列热力学参数。在实验温度范围内,吉布斯自由能均为负值,胶束化可以自发进行;焓变为正值,胶束化过程吸热,且属于熵驱动过程,有18.67%的T△micS0增加对胶束稳定性增加有贡献,以上特征参数的确定,可为研究表面活性剂溶液的各种应用以及处理技术提供重要参考。     

磷石膏改善苏打碱土理化性质效果分析

分析了磷石膏对苏打碱土团聚体稳定性、饱和导水率和盐分淋洗效果的影响.结果表明:水稳定大团聚体质量分数和饱和导水率均随磷石膏施用量的逐渐增加而不断提高,磷石膏施用量达到100%GR时,水稳性大团聚体质量分数从对照的0.03%增加到33.31%,饱和导水率从对照的0.13 mm·d~(-1)提高到3.14 mm·d~(-1);出流液电导率和pH均随磷石膏施用量的增加而降低,磷石膏施用量达到100%GR时,出流液电导率和pH分别从对照的8.85 mS·cm~(-1)和10.26降低到3.46mS·cm~(-1)和9.83.因此,磷石膏对苏打碱土理化性质的改良效果十分显著.     

应用蚕豆微核技术对煤矿塌陷塘水质的监测

用蚕豆微核技术对淮南大通和谢二煤矿塌陷塘的水体水质进行监测,同时测定了水体的氯化物、电导率、CODCr、BOD5、DO和总磷、总氮。结果表明:大通和谢二煤矿塌陷塘水质已经受到中度污染;蚕豆微核技术与氯化物、电导率、CODCr、BOD5、DO和总磷、总氮具有一定的相关性。     

航天科工8358所顺利交付前下视成像导引系统

日前,航天科工集团公司三院完成了前下视成像导引系统的交付工作,标志着采用国产红外探测器的前下视成像导引系统已通过了全项环境试验及电磁兼容试验的考核。据悉,制冷型凝视红外探测器组件作为成像导引系统的核心部件,长期以来依赖进口。     

绿地再生水灌溉土壤盐度累积及风险分析

和常规水源相比,再生水常含有较高的盐分,因而再生水灌溉下土壤盐分的风险引起学者的广泛关注.以再生水利用程度较高的北京市为研究区域,分层采集了不同再生水灌溉历史城区公园绿地与城郊农田表层土壤样品,测定并分析了土壤电导率（EC）和钠吸附比（SAR）等盐分相关指标,探讨再生水灌溉下土壤盐分的累积特征,分析了长期再生水灌溉下土壤盐分累积的风险.结果表明,再生水灌溉下城市绿地和农田土壤EC1：5值和SAR1：5值均显著高于其对照灌区,这种差异在农田中更加显著.公园与农田中再生水灌区土壤EC1：5值较对照灌区分别上升了12.4%和84.2%;土壤SAR1：5值上升幅度分别为64.5%和145.8%.调查区土壤0～10 cm与10～20 cm土层间EC1：5值和SAR1：5值差异不显著.长期再生水灌溉会使盐分累积在土壤表层,同时土壤孔隙度有轻微的减小.在北京地区再生水用于城市绿地灌溉引起表层土壤盐渍化的风险不容忽视.     

《企业安全生产应急管理九条规定》解读(二)

五、必须开展从业人员岗位应急知识教育和自救互救、避险逃生技能培训,并定期组织考核。依据:《安全生产法》第25条、第55条有关要求。解读:新《安全生产法》第25条中明确了安全生产教育和培训应当包括的内容,增加规定了"了解事故应急处理措施以及熟悉从业人员自身在安全生产方面的权利和义务"两方面的内容。事故应急知识是应急培训的重要内容,从业人员掌握了这些知     

两步法制备导电聚吡咯薄膜研究

在陶瓷基底上,先用化学方法,再用电化学方法两步聚合制备导电聚吡咯（PPy）薄膜。研究了施加电流和聚合时间对PPy导电薄膜电导率的影响,对比分析了两步聚合法和化学方法对PPy导电薄膜组织的影响,并对两步法在陶瓷和Al2O3基底上制备PPy导电薄膜的微观形貌进行了观察分析。结果表明,两步聚合方法制备的PPy导电薄膜的电导率随着施加电流的增大和聚合时间的增长而逐渐提高;两步法制备PPy导电薄膜的组织较仅用化学方法制备PPy导电薄膜的组织要致密连续;陶瓷基底上PPy薄膜较均匀,而Al2O3基底上PPy薄膜较疏松且不连续。     

PEF对KCl溶液活度系数的影响

将脉冲电场(PEF)与电解质溶液活度联系在一起,对溶液热力学理论的研究有着突出性的重要意义。通过对不同浓度的KCl溶液施加PEF,观测其对溶液电导率的影响,并应用电导率法计算溶液的活度系数。在Onsager电导方程和Guggenheim经典热力学理论的基础上,提出了计算溶液活度系数的新模型,可将电导率法的应用范围提高到1 mol/L浓度以内。通过计算发现,在施加PEF后,可在一定程度上提高KCl溶液的活度系数。并且从溶液微观结构上对KCl溶液活度系数的改变作了深入阐述。