解读《国家环境保护"十一五"规划》之"十一五"国家环境保护的目标和指标

为了使"十一五"环境规划得到落实,制定科学合理的目标和指标非常重要.根据"十五"规划完成情况和2005年环境质量现状,以及"十一五"期间经济和社会发展对环境保护的要求,《国家环境保护"十一五"规划》中确定了一系列目标和指标.     

低DO浓度下短程硝化试验研究

进水氨氮浓度不变，低DO下启动并运行了短程硝化试验，考察了反应器内的氨氮氧化和亚硝酸盐积累情况。试验结果表明反应器内氨氮几乎全部被氧化，污泥浓度从4500mg／L下降到870mg／L，此时亚硝酸盐的积累率为55％，说明只控制DO的浓度很难实现高的积累率，同时受到温度和污泥龄等的较大影响。     

Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

广州荔湾湖整治前后生态环境变化调查

章根据广州荔湾湖清淤截污前后水质监测结果、水生物藻类和鱼类鉴定及荔湾湖周边植被调查进行综合分析，结果表明：荔湾湖水质有了一定的好转，生物多样性也有明显改善，但湖水水质仍处于富营养状态，部分污染物浓度仍较高。因而，荔湾湖的环保工作应进一步加强，使该湖区水质达到广州市水质标准。     

提高环境科研和监测工作质量和效能的探讨

西部大开发中，就如何提高内蒙古自治区环境科技和环境监测工作质量和效能的问题，本文围绕在工作定位，工作重点及实施措施等方面进行了探讨，供同仁们讨论。     

污废水监测过程中的质量控制

本文着重讨论了在污废水监测过程中的质量控制，主要涉及在样品采集、样品流转和样品分析时的质量控制，并结出了一些控制参数和管理建议。     

质控图在实验室质量控制中的具体应用

为直观地描绘数据质量的变化情况，以便及时发现分析误差的异常变化或变化趋势，从而采取必要的措施加以纠正，使用质控图很有实际意义。本文用实例来说明质控图在实验室质量控制中的应用。     

建设项目环境影响评价急需规范严谨提高效率

尽管环境影响评价制度实施20余年，但在实践中仍存在不少突出问题：编制质量参差不齐，评价结论不明确或不可靠，环保措施、环保对策操作性指导性差。原因是环评持证人员工作不敬业、业务知识更新慢、报告编制单位质量保证体系未建立或不健全，市场无序竞争，评价单位人员服务意识差。为适应国际国内环评市场化、中介化新要求，加强评价单位以及持证人员培训、规范行为、严格管理、开拓创新尤为急迫。