超声辅助大蒜多糖提取研究

大蒜多糖具有众多的生理功能,有很高的经济价值。以大蒜为原料,采用超声辅助酶解法提取大蒜多糖,具有高速、高效、节能、环保等优点。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验进一步优化提取工艺条件,确定影响提取率的主次因素分别为超声酶解时间、料液比、提取温度和提取时间。结果表明,先期酶解条件为温度50℃、pH5．O、酶用量5．0％,最佳提取条件为超声波酶解时间40min、料液比（m／V）1：3、提取温度85℃、提取时间50min,多糖提取率达72．64％。     

超声波防治海生物的技术分析与应用

文章阐述了海生物附着生长的机理以及传统海生物防治的方法。针对传统海生物防治方法存在的不足之处,提出超声波防治海生物技术,分析了超声波振动性质和空化效应防治海生物的原理及现场应用情况,并确定出有效防治海生物的超声波频率为22kHz,强度为0.3～0.5 W/cm2;通过现场实际应用,充分证明了超声波能够有效抑制海生物的附着和生长,保护海水管线及相关设备,体现了超声波技术在海生物防治方面具有环保、节能、易于维护等优点。     

液位控制法在污泥处理工程中的应用

介绍了液位检测仪表,并阐述在污泥处理站中采用超声波液位计和液位调节器实现液位自动控制的方法。     

UV-US-O3联用处理高浓度有机废水的研究

本研究利用UV-US-O3联用处理废水.结果表明,UV-US-O3联用的处理效果大大高于单一紫外、单一臭氧及单一超声波处理的去除效率之和,UV-US-O3联用具有极好的协同效应.另外,本研究还考察了pH值、臭氧流量、超声波声能密度、处理时间的变化对处理效果的影响.     

Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on sludge dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substances distribution in mesophilic anaerobic digestion

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on sludge dewaterability was determined and the fate of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in mesophilic anaerobic digestion after ultrasonic pretreatment was studied. Characteristics of proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS), excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular weight (MW) distribution of dissolved organic matters (DOM) in different EPS fractions were evaluated. The results showed that after ultrasonic pretreatment, the normalized capillary suction time (CST) decreased from 44.4 to 11.1 (sec·L)/g total suspended solids (TSS) during anaerobic digestion, indicating that sludge dewaterability was greatly improved. The normalized CST was significantly correlated with PN concentration (R2 = 0.92, p 0.01) and the PN/PS ratio (R2 = 0.84, p 0.01) in the loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) fraction. Meanwhile, the average MW of DOM in the LB- EPS and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) fractions also had a good correlation with the normalized CST (R2 0.66, p 0.01). According to EEM fluorescence spectroscopy, tryptophan-like substances intensities in the slime, LB-EPS and TB-EPS fractions were correlated with the normalized CST. The organic matters in the EPS matrix played an important role in influencing sludge dewaterability.     

污泥处理新技术方法

本文介绍了国内外污泥处理的新技术,如微波脉冲杀菌、超声波预处理污泥技术,着重介绍了生物处理技术中的膜生物反应器技术,对几种国外污泥处理技术的重要新实践作了概述.     

燃气管道焊缝数字超声波检测技术

通过对燃气管道的检验，提出了数字超声波探伤仪在实际应用中的重要性及其效果。     

螺旋焊缝超声波检测时的定位修正

目前．螺旋焊缝越来越多地应用于简体和管道生产中，尤其是螺旋焊压力管道的应用日趋广泛，然而在压力管道安装过程的监督检验中．对环焊缝的射线底片抽查中经常发现与环焊缝一起曝光的螺旋焊缝中。存在比较严重的超标缺陷，以未熔合居多，这可能与螺旋焊钢管的生产工艺有关。而且，螺旋焊缝的内部质量检测都是利用工业电视，其灵敏度比X射线低，且对未熔合之类的面积性缺陷不敏感。     

Application of ultrasonic to speciation analysis of heavy metals in soil

In order to reduce the operation time and improve the extraction efficiency, ultrasonic energy by means of ultrasonic bath was used to the modified Tessier sequential extraction for speciation analysis of heavy metals in soil. Extractable contents of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni,Pb and Zn were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy(hAS). The merit of the ultrasonic extraction (UE) applied to the modified Tessier method is not only that the operation time for the first 4 fractions was reduced from ca. 18 h to 8 h, comparing with conventional extraction(CE), but also the extraction efficiency was higher. The results for both of UE and CE were consistent. The extractable Cu, Ni and Zn in the sample No. 1 were mainly associated with the third fraction (Fe-Mn oxides fraction), and fourth fraction (organic matter fraction) in the sample No.2. The extractable Fe and Mn were all mainly associated with the third fraction, and Pb the fourth fraction in both of the samples. The effects of concentration of hydroxylamine chloride on the capability for the extraction of studied metals were also studied.