丁香蓼对Cu富集效应的研究

通过盆栽实验研究不同浓度的Cu胁迫对丁香蓼响应和富集效应的影响,结果表明,随着Cu的浓度增加,丁香蓼的株高和生物量降低,长势减弱,但在低浓度(ω(Cu)为125 mg/kg)时降低不明显,与对照组差异性不显著,高浓度与对照组差异性显著。根茎叶中Cu含量随着添加的Cu浓度增加而增加,Cu的含量和富集系数都表现为根叶茎,对Cu的积累量表现为根、茎叶,丁香蓼不是Cu的超富集植物,但对Cu具有较好富集作用和忍耐能力。     

SPME-GC/MS测定扎龙底泥中邻苯二甲酸酯

本文采用固相微萃取前处理方法与气相色谱—质谱联用技术相结合对扎龙底泥中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)进行测定。     

吹扫捕集气相色谱-质谱法测定水中痕量的乙酸乙酯含量

建立了适用于水中痕量乙酸乙酯吹扫捕集GC-MS选择离子监测(SIS)模式的下测定方法,并对吹扫方法进行了优化。结果表明,吹扫时间为10 min时,吹扫捕集效率最高。水中痕量乙酸乙酯经吹扫捕集水/土自动进样器到捕集阱中,解吸后经气相色谱柱分离,在质谱检测器检测,外标法定量。该方法测定乙酸乙酯的检出限为0.1μg/L,线性范围0.25~40μg/L,其相关系数r2=0.999 2,样品的加标回收率为87.7%~103.3%,RSD为1.1%~5.8%。此方法能够快速、高效地分析水中的痕量乙酸乙酯。     

Atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride in-situ measurements at the Shangdianzi regional background station in China

We present in-situ measurements of atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride（SF6） conducted by an automated gas chromatograph–electron capture detector system and a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system at a regional background site, Shangdianzi,in China, from June 2009 to May 2011, using the System for Observation of Greenhouse gases in Europe and Asia and Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment（AGAGE）techniques. The mean background and polluted mixing ratios for SF6 during the study period were 7.22 × 10-12（mol/mol, hereinafter） and 8.66 × 10-12, respectively. The averaged SF6 background mixing ratios at Shangdianzi were consistent with those obtained at other AGAGE stations located at similar latitudes（Trinidad Head and Mace Head）, but larger than AGAGE stations in the Southern Hemisphere（Cape Grim and Cape Matatula）. SF6 background mixing ratios increased rapidly during our study period, with a positive growth rate at 0.30 × 10-12year-1. The peak to peak amplitude of the seasonal cycle for SF6 background conditions was 0.07 × 10-12, while the seasonal fluctuation of polluted conditions was 2.16 × 10-12. During the study period, peak values of SF6 mixing ratios occurred in autumn when local surface horizontal winds originated from W/WSW/SW/SWS/S sectors, while lower levels of SF6 mixing ratios appeared as winds originated from N/NNE/NE/ENE/E sectors.     

Evaluation of Bacillus sp. MZS10 for decolorizing Azure B dye and its decolorization mechanism

To evaluate decolorization and detoxification of Azure B dye by a newly isolated Bacillus sp. MZS10 strain, the cultivation medium and decolorization mechanism of the isolate were investigated. The decolorization was discovered to be dependent on cell density of the isolate and reached 93.55%(0.04 g/L) after 14 hr of cultivation in a 5 L stirred-tank fermenter at 2.0 g/L yeast extract and 6.0 g/L soluble starch and a small amount of mineral salts. The decolorization metabolites were identified with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy(UPLC-MS). A mechanism for decolorization of Azure B was proposed as follows: the C=N in Azure B was initially reduced to –NH by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-dependent quinone dehydrogenase, and then the –NH further combined with –OH derived from glucose to form a stable and colorless compound through a dehydration reaction. The phytotoxicity was evaluated for both Azure B and its related derivatives produced by Bacillus sp. MZS10 decolorization, indicating that the decolorization metabolites were less toxic than original dye. The decolorization efficiency and mechanism shown by Bacillus sp. MZS10 provided insight on its potential application for the bioremediation of the dye Azure B.     

镉超积累植物龙葵叶片中镉的积累与有机酸含量的关系

采用盆栽试验方法,研究镉超积累植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)不同生育期叶片中有机酸的含量与组成,及其与镉生物积累的关系.结果表明,当土壤中镉浓度为25μg.g-1时,苗期和成熟期龙葵叶片镉积累量均达到100μg.g-1以上,且地上部镉含量大于根部镉含量.苗期与成熟期有机酸的含量变化差异显著,苗期龙葵叶片4种有机酸的含量大小为乙酸>酒石酸>苹果酸>柠檬酸;成熟期有机酸含量顺序为苹果酸>酒石酸、乙酸>柠檬酸.苗期龙葵叶片中酒石酸含量与镉含量呈极显著相关,成熟期则发现乙酸和柠檬酸含量与叶片中镉含量呈显著相关,说明龙葵叶片中酒石酸、柠檬酸和乙酸分别可以指示不同生育期龙葵叶片中镉的积累.     

骆马湖泥-水界面磷铁硫原位同步变化特征

利用薄膜梯度扩散（DGT）原位采样装置获取了骆马湖全湖8个典型湖区泥-水界面（SWI）活性磷（P）、铁（Fe）、硫（S）垂向分布信息，据此定量估算三者交换通量.结果表明，骆马湖沉积物剖面P、Fe、S浓度范围分别为0~2.05，0~11.10和0.01~0.63mg/L，并在微小尺度呈高度空间异质性.在水平方向上活性P、Fe主要表现为西北湖区高于东南湖区，而活性S则未表现出明显的分布规律；就垂直剖面而言，活性P、Fe、S自界面向下呈升高趋势，并在60mm深度内出现峰值，且活性P和Fe剖面呈明显的同步变化特征；活性P、Fe在多数点位具有显著的正相关性（r>0.65，P<0.01），且各采样点沉积物中的总铁与总磷比值[w（∑Fe）/w（∑P）]均高于15，这表明Fe的地球化学循环过程对于骆马湖内源磷释放起重要控制作用；8个采样点样品中活性P、Fe、S交换通量分别为0.066~0.698，1.671~5.592和0.007~0.071mg/（m²·d），表明P、Fe、S由沉积物向水体释放.西北湖区表现出较高的P通量和活性P浓度，这可能会增加南水北调过程中水质污染的风险，应予以重视.以上结果支持了P、Fe耦合释放机制，明确了骆马湖SWI的活性P、Fe、S迁移特征.     

华东电网超超临界CDM项目CO2减排量研究

介绍了燃煤电厂超超临界CDM类型项目CO2减排量的理论计算过程，说明各参数的取值方法，并结合华东电网超超临界CDM项目案例给予演示，最后就减排问题对CDM项目的开发提出了建议。     

麦杆烟雾中半挥发性有机物的定性检测

城郊农村含湿量较高的麦杆就地焚烧,造成环境空气严重污染。本文采用模拟无组织排放污染源ＴＳＰ采样的方法,通过美国惠普公司生产的气相色谱—质谱联用仪对经前处理的样品进行分离及定性检测,确认了十四种有机化合物     

液化石油气瓶超装爆炸危险性极大

据统计，截至1996年底，全国在用各类气瓶已达到5500万只，其中液化石油瓶数量最多，为4646万多只O1996年发生气瓶爆炸事故36起，造成36人死亡，59人受伤。事故起数和死亡人数与1995年相比，分别上升80％和133％。上升势头连续几年不减。气瓶爆炸事故中，液化方油气瓶所占居多。液化石油气瓶发生爆炸事故的原因，第一是超装，第二是使用不当。我们最常见常用的液化石油气瓶是充装量为15kg的那种规格。这种气瓶的有效容积，按国家标准规定为不小于35．兄，如小于35．SL，就此一项不符合要求，不论其他项目是否达标，均应判为不合格品。在气…