高效纤维滤池应用于城市污水深度处理的研究

采用一种新型的高效纤维滤池对城市污水处理厂二沉池出水进行深度处理,考察了高效纤维滤池对SS和浊度的去除效果,并对进水SS浊度的变化对去除效果的影响以及出水浊度与取样时间的关系进行了研究.试验结果表明,在进水SS的质量浓度为10～50 mg/L、浊度为10～50 NTU条件下,出水的SS的质量浓度和浊度可分别降至10 mg/L和5 NTU以下;随着进水SS浓度和浊度的增大,出水SS浓度和浊度也相应地增大;在同一反冲洗周期内;反冲洗前l min的出水水质最好,反冲洗过程及反冲洗后1～2min过滤效果较差,随着时间的递增,处理效果逐步提高.     

关于多氯联苯测定的探讨

对PCB测定中所使用的kroclor和单体标准品的区别、联系和使用进行了分析阐述,并对PCB测定中的气相色谱法、气相色谱质谱联用法、生物分析法、免疫分析法的优点、局限性进行了比较.同时对今后的PCB的测定提出了建议.     

HP-5毛细管柱气相色谱法分离水中滴滴涕色谱条件研究

本试验利用HP-5毛细管柱,气相色谱法对水中滴滴涕几种衍生体的分离条件进行了研究和优化,找到了最佳仪器条件,为水中滴滴涕的检测提供了一定的试验参考。     

加大对大宗用户补贴力度200万只节能灯在津使用

本市中央财政补贴高效节能灯的推广工作顺利展开,记者昨天从市节能协会获悉,自8月本市率先在全市61个邮政网点推广节能灯以来,截至目前,全市的推广量已达到200多万只。     

Characterizing spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the soils from mining-smelting activities in Shuikoushan, Hunan Province, China

The spatial variation of heavy metals in the soils in Shuikoushan mining-smelting area, Hunan Province, China, was investigated using multivariate and geo-statistic analysis. A total of 106 composite soil samples were collected in an area of about 100 km2. Concentrations of total As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Arsenic and Pb were found to have a common source, indicating the same sources and spreading processes, such as aerosols and airborne particulates from smelting chimneys. Airborne sources from smelting chimneys contributed greatly to Cd in the area, which demonstrated the same dispersion pattern as As and Pb. However, two hot spots of Cd around smelters were possibly enlarged by wastewaters, demonstrating another important source of Cd in Shuikouhsan. Geo-statistic interpolated mapping demonstrated that hotspots of Zn were only found proximal to the large smelters, suggesting that Zn primarily came from the chimneys of larger smelters. The major Cu hot-spots appeared closely to the tailing dam, indicating that weathering and leaching of tailings were the major sources of Cu contamination in Shuikoushan. Our findings indicated that airborne volatile particles and aerosols contributed the most to As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu contamination, while Cd and Cu may also derive from the discharge of wastewater from smelters and the leaching of tailings, respectively.     

Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).     

Characterization of organic matter in total suspended particles by thermodesorption and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The organic matter in tropospheric aerosol plays an important role in atmospheric physical and chemical processes. The bulk of organic matter, representing a significant proportion of the total suspended particulate (TSP) mass, is bound to polymeric material whose structure and properties are largely unknown. Here we used thermodesorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Td- GC/MS) to study organic compounds of low molecular mass and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to characterize the chemical structure of macromolecules in TSP samples collected in di erent seasons from di erent sites in Guangzhou. n-Alkanes, fatty acids and nitriles were the predominant compounds in the thermodesorption products, whereas aromatics, fatty acids, nitriles and n-alkanes/alkenes were the major compounds in the pyrolysates. The results indicated that aromatics were main units in macromolecules. The fatty acids and nitriles formed from carboxylic ammonium salts were detected in both thermodesorption products and pyrolysates at a certain concentration, indicating the importance of these compounds in TSP formation. The TSP source mainly determined the occurrence of compounds in samples from urban, suburban and forest sites, whereas the TSP source and formation process maybe controlled the seasonal variation in compounds detected. High levels of nitriles in summer samples from suburban and forest sites coincide with the release of ammonium from the land and of fatty acids from vegetation at these sites.     

沉积物中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯类的GC／MS测定

采用快速压力溶剂萃取仪（ASE）提取,弗罗里柱净化,气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC／MS）对沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物进行定性、定量分析。实验过程中采用铬酸洗液对实验器皿进行清洗,有效防止环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质对样品的污染。     

徐州矿务集团张双楼煤矿

徐州矿务集团张双楼煤矿位于素有“千古龙飞地,一代帝王乡”之称的江苏沛县境内,年生产原煤170万t,是江苏省最年轻,储量最丰富的大型现代化矿井,矿井先后荣获全国“质量标准化矿井”,“高产高效矿井”,“职工生活福利先进单位”,     

纳米铁系材料与反硝化细菌复合去除地下水硝酸盐氮研究

采用不同液相还原法制备了纳米Fe、纳米Fe/Ni和油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe粒子,并将其与反硝化细菌复合应用于地下水中硝酸盐氮的去除研究中.分别考察了不同纳米铁系材料与反硝化细菌复合体系去除硝酸盐氮的反应速率及对脱氮产物生成的影响.同时,从核糖核酸(RNA)水平考察了不同纳米铁系材料对反硝化细菌的影响.结果表明,纳米Fe/Ni复合体系脱氮速率最快,6d内对硝酸盐氮的去除率可达到100%,最终产物主要为氨氮,占体系总氮的69%;而纳米Fe和油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe复合体系9d可将硝酸盐氮100%去除,氨氮的转化率分别为52%和16%.另外,从反应前后反硝化细菌总RNA浓度的变化情况看,纳米Fe/Ni复合体系、纳米Fe复合体系和油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe复合体系的反硝化细菌总RNA浓度分别降低了93%、40%和34%,可见3种纳米铁系材料对反硝化细菌毒性大小顺序为:纳米Fe/Ni纳米Fe油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe.