4-氯苯酚在水溶液中的光化学反应(Ⅱ)反应的动力学研究

研究了在模拟太阳光和紫外光作用下，４－氯苯酚的光反应动力学，研究表明，紫外光的作用更为显。４－ＣＰ的反应速率与４－ＣＰ起始浓度、ｐＨ值，金属离子浓度、富里酸浓度等因素有关，通入空气，能够加速４－ＣＰ降解。     

Comparison of quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite for adsorptive removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution

The choice of substrates with high phosphorus adsorption capacity is vital for sustainable phosphorus removal from waste water in constructed wetlands. In this study, four substrates were used： quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite. These substrate samples were characterized by X- ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy studies for their mineral components （chemical components） and surface characteristics. The dynamic experimental results revealed the following ranking order for total phosphorus （TP） removal efficiency： anthracite 〉 biological ceramsite 〉 shale 〉 quartz sand. The adsorptive removal capacities for TP using anthracite, biological ceramsite, shale and quartz sand were 85.87, 81.44, 59.65, and 55.98 mg/kg, respectively. Phosphorus desorption was also studied to analyze the substrates＇ adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment as well as the substrates＇ ability to be reused for treatment. It was noted that the removal performance for the different forms of phosphorus was dependent on the nature of the substrate and the adsorption mechanism. A comparative analysis showed that the removal of particulate phosphorus was much easier using shale. Whereas anthracite had the highest soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） adsorptive capacity, biological ceramsite had the highest dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP） removal capacity. Phosphorus removal by shale and biological ceramsite was mainly through chemical adsorption, precipitation or biological adsorption. On the other hand, phosphorus removal through physical adsorption （electrostatic attraction or ion exchange） was dominant in anthracite and quartz sand.     

常见三元锂电池热失控过程分析

以三元锂电池模组为研究对象,在SOC为100%的条件下加热诱发热失控,结合视频分析和热流分析,总结不同型号三元锂电池热失控的过程规律。NCM111和NCM523电池在热失控过程中产生大量烟气,NCM622和NCM811电池在热失控过程中产生猛烈火焰。整个电池组热失控过程经历时间最长的是NCM111电池,最短的是NCM622电池,NCM523和NCM811电池在失控时间上具有一定的相似性。三元锂电池的辐射热流会出现多个峰值,其中NCM111、NCM523和NCM811电池都是第一个峰值最大,NCM622电池是最后一个峰值最大。在各电池组中,NCM622电池热流值峰值最大,约为328 kW/m²。     

澳大利亚@你知道吗

在澳大利亚,每年有大约11,000起家宅火灾。这意味着在每五名澳大利亚人中就有一名会在其一生中遭遇一次家宅起火。每年有50多名澳大利亚人死于意外家宅火灾。发生在从晚上9时到早上6时时间段的意外家宅火灾造成死亡更多,因为此时人们大概都在睡眠中。使人恐惧的是,烟雾很可能会使人们进入更深的睡眠,而不是使人们醒觉。因此,在住宅中安装烟雾报警器是必需的,事实上也是澳大利亚的法律要求。在家宅火灾遇难者中,老人占有很大比例,因为他们在危及生命的火灾中快速逃生能力不足。     

相对速率法测氯原子与一系列低碳醇的反应速率常数

在 2 92± 1K温度和 1 0 1× 10 5Pa压力下 ,以丙烷为参照物 ,采用相对速率方法测定了一系列醇与氯原子在气相中的反应速率常数 ,这些醇与氯的反应速率常数分别为 (单位 :10 7m3·mol-1·s-1) :甲醇k1=3 2 9,乙醇k2 =6 14,正丙醇k3=8 97,异丙醇k4 =4 0 0 ,正丁醇k5=11 7,异丁醇k6=12 5 ,叔丁醇k7=2 0 5 ,正戊醇k8=15 8,异戊醇k9=12 3     

光化学烟雾模拟实验系统

为开展光化学污染成因的敏感性分析,设计和建立了目前国内唯一的大型光化学烟雾模拟实验系统．该系统主要包括烟雾箱系统、空气充填置换系统、采样测试系统和记录显示控制系统等4个分系统．与国内外同类型实验系统相比,该系统具有烟雾箱在实验过程中受光均匀、换气系统快捷、效率高以及可实现两箱对比实验等特色．利用实验系统开展了光化学污染过程的模拟实验,得到了典型的污染特征．进行了同等条件的两箱对比实验,实验结果完全一致,表明该实验系统能够开展基于对比实验的敏感性分析研究,从而为进一步针对北京实际开展光化学污染的模拟研究奠定了良好的基础．     

Adsorption mechanism of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution on hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent

The adsorption of two phenols, namely, phenol and salicylic acid(SA) onto a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (NJ-8) were studied in terms of pseudo-second-order and first order mechanisms for chemical sorption as well as an intraparticle diffusion mechanism process. Kinetic analysis showed that the intraparticle diffusion process was the essential rate-controlling step. The activation energies of sorption have also been evaluated with the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion constants, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Adsorption was exothermic and basically of a type of transition between physical and chemical character. The sorption capacity was higher for SA due to its more hydrophobic. Phenol has a higher adsorption enthalpy since it could form stronger hydrogen bonding on NJ-8.     

Photocatalytic degradation of dye effluent by titanium dioxide pillar pellets in aqueous solution

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) process is an effective way to deal with organic pollutants in wastewater which could be difficult to be degraded by conventional biological treatment methods. Normally the TiO2 powder in nanometre size range was directly used as photocatalyst for dye degradation in wastewater. However the titanium dioxide powder was arduous to be recovered from the solution after treatment. In this application, a new form of TiO2(i. e. pillar pellets ranging from 2.5 to 5.3 mm long and with a diameter of 3.7 mm) was used and investigated for photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluent. A test system was built with a flat plate reactor(FPR) and UV light source(blacklight and solar simulator as light source respectively) for investigating the effectiveness of the new form of TiO2. It was found that the photocatalytic process under this configuration could efficiently remove colours from textile dyeing effluent. Comparing with the TiO2 powder, the pellet was very easy to recovered from the treated solution and can be reused in multiple times without the significant change on the photocatalytic property. The results also showed that to achieve the same photocatalytic performance, the FPR area by pellets was about 91% smaller than required by TiO2 powder. At least TiO2 pellet could be used as an alternative form of photocatalyst in applications for textile effluent treatment process, also other wastewater treatment processes.     

空气及蚊香燃烧产生的亚微米气溶胶的粒径谱

蚊香烟雾是一类常见的影响人类健康的气溶胶。利用高分辨的静电扫描粒径谱仪,研究了实验室内外空气及室内蚊香燃烧产生的亚微米气溶胶(14～723nm)的粒径分布特征及衰减情况。实验表明,实验室内、外亚微米气溶胶的数浓度分别在1.09×104～4.45×104cm-3,1.15×104～3.56×104cm-3范围内。蚊香燃烧产生的亚微米气溶胶的数量中值粒径、表面积中值粒径及体积中值粒径分别为80nm、148nm和230nm。点燃蚊香15min产生的气溶胶恢复到背景水平需要1～2h。     

多菌灵在水体系中的光化学降解研究

系统研究了高压汞灯和天然日光照射下多菌灵在天然海水、人工海水和蒸馏水中的光降解情况.天然日光照射下,多菌灵在三种介质中光稳定性均很强,几乎不降解.高压汞灯较天然日光更能有效地激发多菌灵降解.在高压汞灯照射下,多菌灵在蒸馏水中的半寿期为23.42 min.多菌灵在蒸馏水中的光降解速率大于其在人工海水和天然海水的光降解速率,这主要是由于天然海水中存在的阴、阳离子和其它特殊的物质所引起的.同蒸馏水中的光反应相比,人工海水中的离子抑制了多菌灵的光降解反应.实验发现溶液中加入重金属离子会改变多菌灵的光降解速率.