湖北省的鱼类及其分布

据笔者记录湖北省现有鱼类12目25科106属201种和亚种,其中以鲤科鱼类的东亚地理类群为主。由于湖北省北部、西部和西南部分别受黄河、长江上游、珠江水系的影响,地处南北交错地带,因此,其鱼类区系成分复杂多样,地理分布具有明显的地域性。     

稻油鱼菇生态模式的高产原理与效果

本文通过稻油鱼菇多元农业生态模式的田间试验及数理统计分析，介绍了深沟小垄稻油鱼菇农业生态构型的田间合理布局，田间生态结构、食物链特征及增产效果，论述了这类生态田的高产稳产原理。     

Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish and shellfish downstream from electronic-waste recycling plants

We measured 39 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the muscle tissue of three species of fish (Sciaenops ocellatus, Sparus macrocephalus, and Lateolabrax japonicus) and four species of shellfish (Tegillarca granosa, Cyclina sinensis, Sinonovacula constricta, and Ostrea cucullata) that were collected downstream of electronic-waste recycling plants in Taizhou, China. A total of 24 PBDE congeners (PBDE24) in the samples were detected. The PPBDE24 (total PBDE) ranged from 545.4 to 1688.7 ng/kg ww (wet weight). The mean PPBDE24 concentration was 1382.6 ng/kg ww in fish and 858.1 ng/kg ww in shellfish. The lower brominated congeners were detected at relatively high concentrations in all species. The penta-products, produced from e-waste, were found at relatively low levels. A principal component analysis suggested a significant correlation among di-, tri-, tetra-, and hepta-BDEs for the three species of fish. Similarly, we found a significant correlation between mono- and tri-BDEs in the shellfish. Our results suggested that the processes of PBDE metabolism and elimination were similar in both fish and shellfish. In addition, the primary source of PBDEs appeared to be from the debromination of high brominated PBDEs.     

为濒危鱼类营造美丽的家园

据《中国青年报》报道,一个正在酝酿的水电站有可能使“长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区”遭遇灭顶之灾,这个名叫小南海的电站将建在长江上游鱼类最后的避难所之内……     

金属离子鱼类急性毒性研究及对环境标准修订的启示意义

以斑马鱼和孔雀鱼为实验动物,进行了Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋和Cr^6＋的鱼类急性毒性试验。结果表明,这四种金属离子对受试鱼的毒性影响比较明显,对斑马鱼、孔雀鱼96 h半致死浓度分别为0.57 mg/L,12.59 mg/L,32.24 mg/L,62.27 mg/L和2.36 mg/L,17.71 mg/L,39.71 mg/L,43.40 mg/L。四种金属离子的毒性大小依次为：Cu^2＋〉Cd^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cr^6＋;Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋对斑马鱼的影响较大,Cr^6＋则对孔雀鱼的影响较大。结果同时对环境标准的修订具有启示意义,现行的国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）和国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）对废水和水环境中Cu浓度的要求偏低,在符合国家标准的情况下Cu^2＋在低浓度水平就具有较大的毒性,未来污水排放标准和水环境质量标准在修订中应重视这个问题。     

汤旺河干流伊春红山水电站建设对鱼类资源的影响

伊春红山水电站是汤旺河干流梯级规划中首批开发的水电站,位于汤旺河上游梯级电站的最后一级。红山水电站枢纽工程以发电为主,兼顾水产养殖、提供保障森林防火水源及发展旅游业等的综合利用水利枢纽工程。本文就红山水电站枢纽工程建设对红山坝址段,即上甘岭河段的鱼类资源产生的影响进行预测评价。     

大气中汞含量测定的不确定性

汞(Hg)作为1种神经毒素,它在环境中无处不在,且和人类的健康有密切关系,这主要是由于水生食物链和受污染的鱼类的生物累积的结果.在1990年第1次把汞作为1个全球污染物的国际会议上,大气中汞对于生态系统的重要影响就被确定并随后由Lindqvist等人尖锐地指出:即使在偏远地区的、低生产力的湖泊,鱼类也被发现含有高     

Determination and assessment of total mercury levels in local, frozen and canned fish in Lebanon

Fish is an important constituent of the Lebanese diet. However, very little attention in our area is given to bring awareness regarding the effect of the toxicity of mercury (Hg) mainly through fish consumption. This study aimed to report analytical data on total mercury levels in several fish species for the first time in thirty years and to also made individuals aware of the presence and danger from exposure to mercury through fish consumption. Fish samples were selected from local Lebanese markets and fisheries and included 94 samples of which were fresh, frozen, processed, and canned fish. All values were reported as microgram of mercury per gram of fish based on wet weight. The level of mercury ranged from 0.0190 to 0.5700 μg/g in fresh samples, 0.0059 to 0.0665 μg/g in frozen samples, and 0.0305 to 0.1190 μg/g in canned samples. The data clearly showed that higher levels of mercury were detected in local fresh fish as opposed to other types thus placing consumers at higher risk from mercury exposure. Moreover, the data revealed that Mallifa (yellowstripe barracuda/Sphyraena chrysotaenia), Sargous (white seabream/Diplodus sargus), Ghobbos (bogue/Boops hoops), and shrimp (Penaeus sp.) were among the types containing the highest amounts of mercury. On the other hand, processed fish such as fish fillet, fish burger, small shrimp and crab are found to contain lower levels of mercury and are associated with lower exposure risks to mercury. Lebanese population should therefore, be aware to consume limited amounts of fresh local fish to minimize exposure to mercury.     

海洋酸化对鱼类感觉和行为影响的研究进展

海洋酸化是指大气增多的二氧化碳(CO2)溶解于海水而导致海水p H值降低的过程。海洋酸化将改变海水碳酸盐平衡体系,使依赖于原化学环境的多种海洋生物乃至生态系统面临巨大威胁。海洋酸化对钙质生物影响的研究最早引起大家关注,而海洋鱼类具有较完善的酸碱调节机制,大家普遍认为酸化对其影响不大。但在过去的5年中,不少实验证明海洋酸化会影响海洋鱼类仔稚鱼的感觉和行为,减弱其野外的生存能力及增加被捕食率,很可能将威胁自然种群补给量和影响全球的渔业资源量。本文从嗅觉、听觉、视觉及高级意识和相关行为角度,综述近几年海洋酸化对鱼类感觉和行为影响的研究进展,介绍了鱼类神经行为生物学的研究,为全面了解和预测海洋酸化的生态、经济和社会效应提供科学依据。