Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag+/TiO2

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

南京市黑臭河流水体中细菌多样性的研究

以南京市城南河为研究对象,分别提取上中下游的水体样本,分析水质中的氮、磷、COD等水质指标,并利用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)分析了城南河不同位置的细菌多样性。结果表明:城南河水体中的平均总氮为30.06 mg/L,总磷为6.14 mg/L,COD为42.03 mg/L,均超过国家V类水质标准。结合外观,城南河属于严重污染的典型黑臭河流。DGGE分析的结果表明:城南河具有较高的细菌多样性,优势菌群主要是变形菌门和拟杆菌门2大类群,且不同取样点细菌种类差别不大。     

微纳米曝气技术在污染水体净化中的应用研究

曝气技术在污染水体治理中应用广泛,但传统曝气技术存在能耗高、治理效果不佳等缺点,微纳米曝气作为一种新型的高效曝气技术,在水环境治理与修复领域逐步得到推广。文章通过对比微纳米曝气与传统鼓风曝气对黑臭水体、污染河道水体的治理效果,实验结果表明在相同能耗条件下,微纳米曝气在污染水体DO提升,化学需氧量（CODCr）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）的降解方面,相对于传统鼓风曝气均表现一定的优势,具有良好的应用前景。     

城市清淤底泥原位资源化利用关键技术研究与应用

清淤是黑臭水体治理的必要环节,底泥的最终处置问题又是制约清淤的关键因素。针对不同河段清淤底泥的含水率、重金属种类、含量及形态等,采用冷冻干燥配合称重法、微波消解配合电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析底泥性状及形态。探究适用于不同性状及形态的底泥处理处置方法,解决底泥清淤后的最终去向问题。在此基础上探究底泥资源化利用技术原理,开发清淤底泥原位资源化利用关键技术,并将城市清淤底泥原位资源化利用关键技术研究在实际工程中进行技术验证。     

加强对瓶装液化石油气加臭剂的安全监管

1前言1.1瓶装液化石油气组分较复杂,具有易燃易爆的特性液化石油气是城镇燃气的主要类别,居民用户使用较多,其主要成分为内烷、丁烷以及其他烷系或烯类等,还含有少量硫化物和游离水。一般来讲,气态的液化石油气密度约为空气的2倍,易积聚、不易扩散,当空气中液化石油气的浓度达到1.5%~9.5%时,遇到点火源极易引发爆炸。     

城市黑臭水体的产生原因及治理对策

在我国经济发展势头如此迅猛的背景下,城市污染问题日益严重。城市黑臭水体对城市生态环境造成严重影响,如果不能及时进行治理,则会对原有水生态循环系统造成破坏,影响城市居民正常生活。本文首先对城市黑臭水体产生原因进行分析,然后提出有效的治理对策。     

硫自养反硝化协同固定化微生物技术修复城市黑臭水体

固定化微生物技术可促进城市黑臭水体中氮磷污染物去除,但硫自养反硝化协同固定化微生物技术修复黑臭水体研究较少。通过向改性载镧膨润土基复合微生物菌剂(La-Bt基复合菌剂)中添加经S₂O₃^2-驯化培养的硫自养反硝化菌(NR-SOB),试图引入硫自养反硝化协同固定化微生物技术修复黑臭水体。在La-Bt基复合菌剂投加量为1.5 g/L时,向黑臭水体中分梯度投加不同浓度NR-SOB,研究NR-SOB协同La-Bt基复合菌剂去除黑臭水体污染物效果,并通过高通量测序分析底泥微生物群落结构变化。结果表明,当NR-SOB投加量为0.3 g/L时,对黑臭水体和底泥处理效果较好：上覆水氨氮、TN和TP去除率分别为87.42%、69.85%和71.11%;底泥酸可挥发性硫(AVS)去除率为34.76%,底泥TN和TP去除率分别为45.22%、45.04%;实验结束时底泥中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度从11.76%降至9.84%,硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)相对丰度达2.82%,氮硫去除相关微生物菌属比例提升约0.95%。     

层状氢氧化镁铝对偶氮染料酸性黑10B的脱色性能研究

分别用层状氢氧化镁铝(LDH)和焙烧层状氢氧化镁铝(CLDH)作为吸附剂吸附脱除水溶液中偶氮染料酸性黑10B.考察了脱色时间、pH值、吸附剂的投加量、温度、染料初始浓度和焙烧温度等因素对脱色率的影响.结果表明,LDH及CLDH对酸性黑10B染料具有良好的脱除效果,室温下,10g/L LDH和1g/L的CLDH对浓度为100mg/L的染料的脱色率分别达95.93%和99.97%.pH值是影响吸附能力的关键因素,吸附剂对溶液pH值有一定缓冲作用.LDH及CLDH对酸性黑10B吸附结果符合Langmuir吸附等温式.饱和吸附后的LDH及CLDH用高温热解法再生,吸附性能良好,随再生次数增多,脱色率下降.     

水中本底成分对催化臭氧化分解微量硝基苯的影响

考察了水中本底成分对催化臭氧化分解水中微量硝基苯的影响规律.对比试验结果表明,单独臭氧氧化、臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化和臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化工艺在自来水中比蒸馏水中对硝基苯的去除率分别增加了4.90%、2.47%和5.12%.单独臭氧氧化对硝基苯的分解效率随着镁离子浓度的升高(0～8 mg.L^-1)而增加了6.25%,在相同实验条件下,臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化和臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化对硝基苯的降解效率随着镁离子浓度的升高却降低了11.41%和17.64%;单独臭氧氧化、臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化和臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化在氯离子浓度增加(0～40 mg.L^-1)的情况下对硝基苯的去除率分别下降了4.42%、9.38%和12.24%;低浓度的腐殖酸促进了硝基苯的降解,高浓度的腐殖酸抑制了硝基苯的降解.实验还研究了臭氧投加量和硝基苯初始浓度对硝基苯降解效率的影响.