苔藓Lophozia ventricosa挥发油化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取苔藓Lophozia ventricosa挥发油，用毛细管色谱法对挥发油进行了分析，采用归-化法确定各组分的相对含量，并用GC—MS联用技术对分离的化学成分进行鉴定．经计算机检索并结合文献调研，共鉴定出28个化合物，占挥发油总量的93．3％，其中含1个单萜、23个倍半萜（15个为含氧倍半萜）和1个二萜，主要成分为Maalioxide（45．6％）和Eudesma-4．（15），7（11）-dien-8-one（28．9％）．图2表1参12     

A review of the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

Summary. This review summarizes the literature related to the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae and provides a brief overview of cerambycid biology, ecology, economic significance, and management. Beetles in the family Cerambycidae have assumed increasing prominence as pests of forest and shade trees, shrubs, and raw wood products, and as vectors of tree diseases. Exotic species associated with solid wood packing materials have been notable tree killers in North American urban and peri-urban forests. In forested ecosystems native species respond to disturbances such as fires and windstorms, and initiate the biodeterioration of woody tissue. Eggs are laid by females, on or through the bark surface of stem and branch tissue of moribund, recently killed or decomposing woody plants; larval cerambycids (roundheaded woodborers) typically feed in the phloem and later in the xylem. Females will also, in some cases, select living hosts, e.g. adult conifer and angiosperm trees, for oviposition. Research on the chemical ecology of over 70 species has revealed many examples of attractive kairomones (such as floral volatiles, smoke volatiles, trunk and leaf volatiles, and bark beetle pheromones), repellents and deterrents, oviposition stimulants, short- and long-range sex pheromones, and defensive substances. Emerging generalities are that attractants tend to be monoterpenoids and phenolic esters; oviposition stimulants are monoterpenoids and flavanoids; short-range sex pheromones are female-produced, methyl-branched cuticular hydrocarbons; and long-range sex pheromones are male-produced -hydroxy ketones and (,)-diols ranging in length from 6 to 10 carbons. The latter compounds appear to originate from glands in the male thorax; putative defensive substances originate from metasternal secretory pores or mandibular glands. In one unusual case, a flightless, subterranean female that attacks sugar cane produces a sex pheromone that is derived from the amino acid isoleucine. With significantly more than 35,000 species of Cerambycidae worldwide, these generalities will be subject to change as more species are examined. Addendum The authors would like to point out that the electronic version is more accurate than the printed version.     

纳米TiO2光催化氧化异丙醇和丙酮反应的研究

分别研究了纳米TiO2 在主波长为 364nm的汞灯光照下催化氧化i C3H7OH和CH3COCH3水溶液的反应速率 .通过XRD ,TEM ,BET和FT IR PAS对催化剂进行表征 ,粉末的晶型主要为锐钛矿型 .平均粒径在 1 5nm左右 ,比表面积为 1 0 1 0± 0 2m2 ·g- 1 ,FT IR PAS的检测结果表明 ,CH3COCH3是i C3H7OH光催化氧化的中间产物 ,其光催化氧化反应为 :i C3H7OH [O]CH3COCH3[O]CH3COOH[O]…[O]CO2 H2 O     

Sorption of the natural endocrine disruptors,oestrone and 17 beta-oestradiol in the aquatic environment

Adsorption of hydrophobic contaminants at the particle/water interface is one of the key processes controlling their fate in the aquatic environment. The sorption of the natural female hormones oestrone and 17-oestradiol has been studied under simulated riverine conditions. Both the kinetics and the effects of varying fundamental environmental parameters (e.g. sediment properties) on the thermodynamic equilibrium partition coefficient (K _p) have been studied in continuous and batch sorption experiments, respectively. Results showed that the sorption of oestrone and 17-oestradiol by sediment was relatively slow, reaching equilibrium in 50 days. In addition, relatively small adsorption of both oestrone and 17-oestradiol onto the sediment was observed, with K _p values between 200 and 250 mL g^–1. The comparable K _p values of the two compounds reflect their structural similarity. It can be concluded that the two endocrine disruptors, oestrone and 17-oestradiol remain primarily in association with the aqueous phase.     

重庆金佛山岩溶区不同植被条件下土壤-植被系统CO2浓度日变化

对重庆金佛山典型岩溶区林地、裸地表层岩溶生态系统CO2浓度进行短时间尺度变化的野外观测结果表明,林地与裸地不同深处土温变化幅度由地表向土壤深部逐步降低,裸地地表温度和不同深度土温波动幅度均较林地大.林地与裸地各层次土壤CO2浓度变化与土温呈较好的相关关系.林地各层土壤CO2浓度波动微弱,变幅小于裸地.林地与裸地土层中CO2浓度随土层深度增加而增高.植被各层的温度和温度变化幅度从大到小依次为林层、灌层和草层.林层温度最大值滞后于气温约3 h.     

一株黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger sp.ZH-1)对活性红ST-2BF的脱色

通过富集培养，从空气中分离到一株脱色真菌，经初步鉴定为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)，定名为ZH-1并研究了该菌株ZH-1对活性红ST-2BF脱色的条件，结果表明，其对活性红ST-2BF的最佳脱色条件为：pH=6．0、温度30℃、在此条件下运行40h脱色率达99．1％；探讨了碳源、氮源和接种量对其脱色率的影响；并对染料降解前后的紫外-可见光光谱进行了分析对比．图5参6     

细胞凋亡的线粒体途径调控

细胞凋亡是近年来研究的一个热点问题，涉及到细胞内许多复杂的生化过程．线粒体是真核生物能量和代谢的中心，也是细胞凋亡信号传导途径中起关键调节作用的细胞器，对细胞凋亡的线粒体途径调控机制进行研究具有重要意义．本文综述了细胞凋亡过程中线粒体途径的信号传导及其调控机制、线粒体对细胞凋亡信号的反应、细胞凋亡过程中线粒体功能丧失几方面的研究进展．图1参43     

阴离子表面活性剂对2,4-D在土壤中吸附的影响

研究了不同浓度的表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）对2，4－D在土壤中吸附的影响。结果表明：在SDBS小于其临界胶束浓度（CMC）时，2，4－D的吸附量增加；而当SDBS浓度大于其临界胶束浓度时，2，4－D的吸附量随SDBS浓度的增加而减少。表面活性剂对2，4－D吸附行为的影响是几种作用的共同结果，根据SDBS的性质，解释了表面活性剂2，4－D吸附行为影响的几个不同途径。     

硝基芳烃对虹鳉鱼(Poecilia reticulata)的毒性

主要研究了2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT)和4-硝基甲苯(4-NT)两种硝基芳烃对虹鳉鱼的急性毒性、亚急性毒性及联合毒性效应,旨在为渔业水质标准的制定与完善提供可靠的科学依据。研究表明,2,6-DNT的急性毒性大于4-NT,二者的96 h LC50值分别为(25.22±0.19)mg/L和(60.26±0.09)mg/L;亚急性毒性研究中,两种化合物的各种质量浓度在40天内,对试验动物的生长有不同程度的影响;应用Marking相加指数法评价二者的联合毒性,结果表明其联合毒性为协同。     

二氧化硫体内衍生物对雄性小鼠精子的毒性效应

为了探讨二氧化硫(SO2)的雄性生殖毒理效应,研究了SO2体内代谢衍生物———亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)和亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3)混合液(物质的量比为3:1)对雄性昆明小鼠精子的毒性作用.采用腹腔注射(i.p.)染毒方法,每天注射一次,连续5 d,于染毒后d 35处死动物,观察和分析小鼠的精子活动度、数量和畸形率.结果表明:(1)SO2衍生物可引起小鼠精子数量尤其是正常活动度精子数量减少,引起不活动精子数量增加,且呈剂量-效应关系;(2)SO2衍生物可引起多种类型的精子畸形增加,尤其可引起不定形畸变精子的频率显著增加,总精子畸变率随染毒剂量的增加而呈剂量依赖性增高.由此推论,SO2污染有一定的雄性生殖毒性.图1表2参14