三维原子场全息作用矢量用于芳香类化合物的三维QSAR研究

采用新型的的三维原子场全息作用矢量(3D-HoVAIF)研究了200种芳香化合物的化学结构与其生物毒性的定量构效关系(QSAR).首先对芳香化合物进行了结构参数化表达,然后采用逐步回归(SMR)对变量进行筛选,建立了三维定量构效关系模型.其87个无氢键分子的模型和113个有氢键分子的模型的复相关系数和标准偏差分别为R2=0.801,SD=0.473和R2=0.929,SD=0.318.模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力,证明了该三维原子场全息作用矢量在分子结构表征和生物毒性预测上的适用性.     

Biodiversity Loss in Latin American Coffee Landscapes: Review of the Evidence on Ants,Birds, and Trees

Abstract: Studies have documented biodiversity losses due to intensification of coffee management (reduction in canopy richness and complexity). Nevertheless, questions remain regarding relative sensitivity of different taxa, habitat specialists, and functional groups, and whether implications for biodiversity conservation vary across regions. We quantitatively reviewed data from ant, bird, and tree biodiversity studies in coffee agroecosystems to address the following questions: Does species richness decline with intensification or with individual vegetation characteristics? Are there significant losses of species richness in coffee‐management systems compared with forests? Is species loss greater for forest species or for particular functional groups? and Are ants or birds more strongly affected by intensification? Across studies, ant and bird richness declined with management intensification and with changes in vegetation. Species richness of all ants and birds and of forest ant and bird species was lower in most coffee agroecosystems than in forests, but rustic coffee (grown under native forest canopies) had equal or greater ant and bird richness than nearby forests. Sun coffee (grown without canopy trees) sustained the highest species losses, and species loss of forest ant, bird, and tree species increased with management intensity. Losses of ant and bird species were similar, although losses of forest ants were more drastic in rustic coffee. Richness of migratory birds and of birds that forage across vegetation strata was less affected by intensification than richness of resident, canopy, and understory bird species. Rustic farms protected more species than other coffee systems, and loss of species depended greatly on habitat specialization and functional traits. We recommend that forest be protected, rustic coffee be promoted, and intensive coffee farms be restored by augmenting native tree density and richness and allowing growth of epiphytes. We also recommend that future research focus on potential trade‐offs between biodiversity conservation and farmer livelihoods stemming from coffee production.     

Pretreatment of heterocyclic pesticide wastewater using ultrasonic/ozone combined process

Ultrasonic/O3 combined process was employed to pretreat heterocyclic pesticide wastewater for increasing biodegradability and reducing biological toxicity. Influences of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, probe diameter, initial pH and O3 dosage on the COD removal were studied. The results showed that the ultrasonic/O3 process significantly improved the biodegradability and reduced the biological toxicity of the wastewater. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.03 to 0.55 and the EC50 increased from 11% to 52% under ultrasonic/O3 treatment. Low ultrasonic frequency brought better COD removal. Initial pH was found to have a high influence on the COD removal and alkaline conditions were more favorable. The influences of ultrasonic power and probe diameter were small. With an increase in O3 dosage, COD removal was e ectively improved. The optimal operational parameters for the combined process on COD removal were ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz, initial pH 9.00, ultrasonic power 300Wand dosage of O3 454.8 mg/(L min), under which the e ciency of COD removal reached 67.2%.     

基于隧道法的机动车对上海城市大气环境中氨的源排放贡献研究

以上海交通最为繁忙的隧道之一的邯郸路隧道为研究对象,设计了隧道内(进口、中段、出口)机动车NH_3排放因子测定实验和隧道外(垂直于隧道口310 m范围内)机动车NH_3排放环境扩散梯度实验。隧道内实验结果表明,隧道出口的ρ(NH_3)分别是隧道进口和外围环境质量浓度的5倍和11倍,机动车NH_3排放因子(平均值±标准差)为(28±5)mg/km。据此估算,2014年上海机动车的NH_3排放总量约为1 300 t,占该市NH_3排放量的12%。梯度实验表明,邯郸路隧道出口处的机动车NH_3排放一旦扩散到大气中,其对环境的影响强度在短短数十米内迅速降低,超过150 m的范围后影响基本趋同。证实了在交通路网密集的城市,机动车是大气环境NH_3的重要来源,进而对城市颗粒物污染有潜在贡献。     

京杭大运河王江泾断面水质达标综合治理对策

简述了京杭大运河王江泾断面水质及区域水污染现状,指出工业污染、农业面源污染、污水集中处理设施滞后、内源污染是区域水污染的主要因素。提出,对区域水环境综合整治,实现京杭大运河王江泾断面水质稳定达标,必须推进产业结构调整与空间布局优化,推进点源污染整治,推进农业面源污染治理,推进生活污染源整治,推进河道整治,提高环境监管及应急水平。     

1-(2,6-二氯-4-硝基苯)-3-(4-硝基苯)-三氮烯光度法测定矿山废水中的锌

研究了用1-(2,6-二氯-4-硝基苯)-3-(4-硝基苯)-三氮烯(DCNPNPT)分光光度法快速直接测定锌的方法。在表面活性剂TritonX-15的存在下,pH=9.5～10.5的Na2B4O7-NaOH介质中,DCNPNPT与锌( )可生成1∶3的橙黄色络合物。最大吸收波长为445nm,同时在535nm配合物有一最大负吸收,建立以535nm为参比波长,445nm为测定波长的双峰双波长法进行测定,表观摩尔吸光系数可达1.12×105L/(mol·cm)。用拟定的方法测定矿山废水中的锌,与原子吸收法测定的结果十分吻合,结果令人满意。     

隧道盾构施工下穿地铁车站出入口安全影响分析

基于有限单元法的Ansys软件,对某隧道盾构施工近距离下穿既有地铁出入口人行通道的施工过程进行数值仿真分析,得出其地层变位规律及对结构内力和变形产生的影响;提出结构安全评价新指标(斜率和曲率)并结合水平位移、竖直位移和差异沉降等指标对车站结构变形的安全性进行了分析,其评估结果与现场监测结果作对比分析,非常吻合。说明该评价指标有效、操作过程可行且结果可信,从而可利用其为类似工程的设计与施工、相关软件计算结果的使用以及结构安全评估提供依据和支持。     

基于TD-SCDMA移动视频监控系统的反向控制

提出了在TD-SCDMA环境下数字视频监控系统的一般应用模型.详述了在此基础上对无线视频监控过程中的反向控制的实现方案和流程,简要说明了实现代码及其后台配置管理,并通过结果论证了反向控制的可行性及未来的发展方向     

基于信息融合的建筑施工安全预警管理研究

针对建筑业安全事故率居高不下的现状,找出事故频发的主要原因。基于主要原因中人、机、环境和管理4方面数据和信息的复杂性、不确定性,提出采用信息融合技术的D-S证据理论法对建筑施工全过程中的人、机、环境、管理4方面的数据和信息进行分析和预测,并构建建筑施工安全预警管理预测模型。该预测模型能判断建筑施工项目的"安全状态",能解决建筑施工中安全事故及危险源的预测问题;同时针对具体情况采取防范措施,及时矫正安全隐患和确保安全施工。将D-S证据理论法应用于建筑施工安全预警管理中,扩展了建筑施工安全管理的手段。     

Equilibrium study and kinetics of Cu removal from water by zeolite prepared from oil shale ash

Engineered zeolite was produced from oil shale ash by reaction with sodium hydroxide in a closed vessel reactor. This adsorbent was used for removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity was 504.6 mg Cu²⁺/g zeolite. Kinetic studies showed that the rate of adsorption of copper is increased with increasing the solution pH and temperature, quantity of the zeolite and agitation speed. The kinetic data were fitted to homogeneous micropore model and found that the mass transfer coefficient and diffusivity of the Cu²⁺ are directly affected by the kinetic parameters. The increase in solution concentration will decrease the mass transfer coefficient while diffusivity is increased.