竹材加工剩余物制备竹活性炭及其对Pb^2＋的吸附性能

利用竹材加工剩余物竹蔸、竹节和竹枝制备竹炭,再以H3PO4为活化剂,在活化温度为700 ℃和不同的H3PO4浓度下进行活化制备竹活性炭,测定了吸附性能最强的竹活性炭在不同吸附时间和Pb2+初始浓度下对Pb2+的吸附率,并进行了结构表征.结果表明,当H3PO4溶液质量分数为45%时,所制备的竹活性炭吸附性能最强,其中竹蔸活性炭的Pb2+吸附性能接近于商品活性炭;竹蔸活性炭吸附Pb2+的吸附时间在120～180 min为佳;根据Langmuir最大吸附量计算公式求得竹蔸活性炭最大吸附量为91.1 mg/g.竹枝炭、竹节炭与竹篼炭的孔隙度分别为0.656、0.698和0.740,竹枝活性炭、竹节活性炭与竹篼活性炭的孔隙度分别为0.690、0.715和0.755;竹篼炭和竹篼活性炭比表面积分别为110.354、462.069 m2/g,孔容分别为0.090、0.235 cm3/g,平均孔径分别为31.552、20.368 .     

四路D1格式的MPEG4音视频压缩PCI卡实现

本文介绍了一种采用VW2005芯片的4路MPEG-4数字监控系统音视频压缩编码卡的设计与实现方案,其中包括多路音视频数据采集和MPEG-4压缩编码模块,编码后的数据码流通过PCI总线传送至计算机功能模块以及驱动过程,并介绍了板卡与主机之间实现数据通讯的机制.     

微波-改性活性炭-Fenton试剂氧化法降解水中2,4-二氯酚

以经Fe2（SO4）3溶液浸渍改性的活性炭作催化剂、Fenton试剂作氧化剂,采用微波-改性活性炭-Fenton试剂氧化法降解水中的2,4-二氯酚。考察了改性活性炭加入量、H2O2与Fe^2＋摩尔比、Fenton试剂加入量、微波功率和2,4-二氯酚溶液初始pH对2,4-二氯酚降解效果的影响。在改性活性炭加入量1．0g／L、n（H2O2）：n（Fe^2＋）=16．7（H2O2加入量6．0mmol／L、Fe^2＋加入量0．36mmol／L）、Fenton试剂加入量为6．36mmol／L、微波功率600W、微波辐射时间10min、2,4-二氯酚溶液初始pH为6．0的条件下,2,4-二氯酚降解率和TOC去除率分别可达98．7％和84．0％。     

天然草地利用方式改变对土壤排放CO2 和吸收CH4的影响

1997年～ 1998年在内蒙古达拉特旗中国农业科学院草原研究所草原生态试验站对天然草地、天然草地转变为人工草地、玉米和土豆地后 ,土壤 CO2 排放和 CH4 吸收通量进行了测定。天然草地、人工草地和旱地农田均为大气中甲烷的吸收汇 ,天然草地转变为农田后 ,增强了土壤的 CO2 排放量 ,减少了土壤对大气中甲烷的吸收。天然草地和玉米地的 CO2 排放通量与 5cm处土壤温度呈线性相关 ,土壤对甲烷的吸收率与土壤含水量呈线性负相关 ,与土壤温度没有相关关系     

Widespread occurrence of estrogenic UV-filters in aquatic ecosystems in Switzerland

We performed a trace analytical study covering nine hormonally active UV-filters by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS in river water and biota. Water was analysed at 10 sites above and below wastewater treatment plants in the river Glatt using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). Four UV-filters occurred in the following order of decreasing concentrations; benzophenone-4 (BP-4) > benzophenone-3 (BP-3) > 3-(4-methyl)benzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) > 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC). BP-4 ranged from 0.27 to 24.0 μg/POCIS, BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC up to 0.1 μg/POCIS. Wastewater was the most important source. Levels decreased with higher river water flow. No significant in-stream removal occurred. BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC were between 6 and 68 ng/L in river water. EHMC was accumulated in biota. In all 48 macroinvertebrate and fish samples from six rivers lipid-weighted EHMC occurred up to 337 ng/g, and up to 701 ng/g in 5 cormorants, suggesting food-chain accumulation. UV-filters are found to be ubiquitous in aquatic systems.     

超声协同TiO2光催化降解4,4′-二溴联苯

以纳米TiO2膜为光催化剂,对4,4′-二溴联苯水溶液进行了超声光催化（US＋UV）、光催化（UV）和超声（US）降解,探讨了初始浓度、超声的声强和频率等对降解4,4′-二溴联苯的影响。结果表明,4,4′-二溴联苯的超声光催化降解存在协同效应,降解率随4,4′-二溴联苯初始浓度的增大而下降,随声强和频率的增大而增大。超声光催化过程符合一级动力学方程,反应数率常数为0.011 min^-1。超声光催化与光催化的降解产物不同。     

Biodegradability of Chemically Modified Starch (RS4)/PVA Blend Films: Part 2

Biodegradable films were successfully prepared by using cornstarch (CS), chemically modified starch (RS4), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glycerol (GL), and citric acid (CA). The physical properties and biodegradability of the films using CS, RS4, and additives were investigated. The results of the investigation revealed that the RS4-added film was better than the CS-added film in tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (%E), swelling behavior (SB) and solubility (S). Especially, the RS4/PVA blend film with CA as an additive showed physical properties superior to other films. Furthermore, when the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films clearly improved because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature. The biodegradation of films was carried out using the enzymatic, microbiological and soil burial test. The enzyme used in this study was amyloglucosidase (AMG), α-amylase (α-AM) and β-amylase (β-AM). At the enzymatic degradation test, the GL-added films had an approximately 60% degradation, while the CA-added films were degraded about 25%. The low degradation value on CA-added film is attributed to low pH of film added CA that deactivated the enzymatic reaction. The microbiological degradation teat was performed by using Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger.     

High pyrolysis temperature biochar reduced the transport of petroleum degradation bacteria Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 in porous media

Biochar has been widely applied for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. However, the effect of biochar on the transport of petroleum degradation bacteria has not been studied. A typical Gram-positive petroleum degradation bacteria-Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 was used to study the effect of different biochars on bacterial transport and retention. Results indicated that the addition of biochar in sand was effective for reducing the transport of bacteria and poplar sawdust biochar (PSBC) had a stronger hinder effect than corn straw biochar (CSBC). The hindrance was more evident with pyrolysis temperature of biochar raised from 300°C to 600°C, which was attributed to the increase of specific surface area (309 times). The hindrance effect also enhanced with higher application rate of biochar. Furthermore, the reduction of HRJ4 transport was more obvious in higher (25 mmol/L) concentration of NaCl solution owing to electrostatic attraction enhancement. The adsorption of biochar to HRJ4 was defined to contribute to the hindrance of HRJ4 transport mainly. Combining the influence of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on HRJ4 transport, it suggested that specific surface area had the greatest effect on HRJ4 transport, and pore-filling, electrostatic force also contributed to HRJ4 retained in quartz sand column. At last, phenol transportation experiment indicated that the restriction of biochar on HRJ4 enhanced the phenol removal rate in the column. This study provides a theoretical basis for the interaction of biochar and bacteria, which is vital for the remediation of oil-contaminated soil and groundwater in the field.     

阿克达拉大气本底站甲烷浓度特征及影响因素

利用2009～2019年阿克达拉国家大气本底站CH4浓度数据、气象要素数据,使用随机森林模型、后向轨迹模型聚类分析方法对其CH4浓度变化特征和影响因素进行分析.结果表明,10a间阿克达拉站CH4浓度增长明显,年平均浓度为(1934.30±30.94)x10-9,平均增长率0.45％;季节变化呈现秋冬高、春夏低的特征,冬...     

热解条件对生物炭性质和氮、磷吸附性能的影响

以橡木为原料,在不同的热解终温、升温速率和恒温时间下制备生物炭.对生物炭产率、p H、元素组分、工业组分、比表面积、红外光谱等理化特征进行分析,并考察生物炭对水溶液体系中NO-3-N、NH+4-N、PO3-4-P的吸附性能.结果表明:生物炭的产率受热解终温影响最大(极差:54.57%),恒温时间次之(极差:1.16%),升温速率最小(极差:0.42%).随热解终温、升温速率和恒温时间的增加,所得生物炭的p H和C含量增加,而H和O含量降低.热解终温对生物炭表面官能团影响较大,升温速率和恒温时间基本无影响.生物炭对氮、磷的吸附性能主要受热解终温影响.NO-3-N的吸附量最大可达2.80 mg·g-1(600℃),且随热解终温的升高呈指数增加.比表面积、表面碱性官能团和表面金属氧化物与NO-3-N吸附有关.随热解终温的增加,NH+4-N吸附量降低,最大吸附量为3.12 mg·g-1(300℃).阳离子交换量(CEC)是影响NH+4-N吸附的主要因素.PO3-4-P吸附量随热解终温的增加呈先增后减的趋势(在500℃达到最大,为9.75 mg·g-1),且吸附过程主要受生物炭表面碱性官能团和表面金属氧化物的影响.