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701.
研究了载重量5t的黄磷运输汽车发生黄磷泄漏对香溪河流域的环境影响。泄漏的黄磷及污水与香溪河水混合后的总磷预测值:按河水多年平均流量(47.4m3/s)为0.3087mg/L,总磷浓度超标1.5倍;按洪水期最大流量(2890m3/s)为0.1526mg/L,不会对受纳水体造成明显污染;按枯水期最小流量(14m3/s)为0.6868mg/L,总磷浓度超标3.4倍。当发生黄磷燃爆引发P2O5大气污染事故时,半致死浓度范围为以事故点为圆心,半径约为60m的圆形区域;主要污染影响范围为事故源下风向3900m范围内。上述污染影响范围的确定,为事故的应急处理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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703.
甘肃省小柳沟铜钨矿区矿山环境遥感调查与监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用遥感和GIS技术,利用两个时相的QuickBird-2和SPOF-5影像对甘肃省小柳沟铜钨矿区2003—2008年矿产资源开发现状与矿山环境进行了遥感调查、监测研究与野外验证,结果表明:小柳沟矿区矿产资源开发总数量和总面积呈现大幅上升趋势,开采面积和矿产开发占地分别从21 587.91 m2、133 517.67 m2增加了151 535.82 m2和537 437.26 m2,其中矿石堆、工矿用地、尾矿库面积分别增加了8.3倍、7.5倍、6.2倍;矿区新构造运动和泥石流活动较强,矿业开发产生的大量废弃物对矿山环境构成了较大的威胁,在暴雨、构造活动等外界因素的诱发下,极易发生新的泥石流、滑坡等灾害。 相似文献
704.
WU Yirui HE Tengteng ZHONG Mingqi ZHANG Yueling LI Enmin HUANG Tongwang HU Zhong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1446-1451
A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. 相似文献
705.
1,2,4-三氯苯双加氧酶和脱氢酶基因克隆与序列分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过PseudomonasnitroreducensJ5-1对不同氯苯类底物的降解实验,发现其降解能力大小顺序为:1,2,4-三氯苯,1,3-二氯苯,1,2-=氯苯,氯苯,与已报道的1,2,4-三氯苯降解菌株在底物利用的特性方面存在差异.采用PCR技术从J5-1中扩增获得氯苯降解过程中的关键酶--氯苯双加氧酶和脱氢酶的基因序列,分别命名为tcbA和tcbB,序列比对发现其与Burkholderia sp-PS12的氯苯双加氧酶和脱氢酶的基因序列同源性最高.通过J5-1的氯苯双加氧酶.亚基(TcbAa)与PS12的氯苯双加氧酶a亚基(TecAl)的氨基酸序列比对发现,在307-310位置有连续4个氨基酸残基的差异(1307L、M308T、1309V、Q310E),这可能是造成2株菌对1,2,4,5-四氯苯降解偏好性差异的原因.此外,通过催化芳香化合物降解的双力D氧酶a亚基的系统进化分析,认为TcbAa属于甲苯/联苯亚科,且与多取代氯苯双加氧酶e亚基的同源性最大. 相似文献
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707.
708.
Mapping the location and extent of forest at risk from damaging agents or processes assists forest managers in prioritizing their planning and operational mitigation activities. In Australia, Bell Miner Associated Dieback (BMAD) refers to a form of canopy decline observed in eucalypt crowns occupied by colonies of bell miners (Manorina melanophrys). High densities of bell miners are associated with decreased avian abundance and diversity and an increase in psyllid abundance on crown foliage. BMAD has recently been nominated as a key threatening process in New South Wales (NSW). Consequently, a modelling system for predicting bell miner distribution in coastal eucalypt forests of NSW has been developed. The presence or absence of bell miners was recorded in 130 plots located within a 12,800 ha catchment study area containing a range of eucalypt forest types. The modelling system was produced by integrating a machine learning software suite (WEKA), and the statistical software R within the geographic resources analysis support system (GRASS) geographical information system (GIS). The variable modelled was the binary variable: presence or absence of bell minors. Six modelling techniques (Logistic regression; generalised additive models; two tree-based ensemble classification algorithms, random forest and Adaboost and Neural Networks) were integrated with airborne laser scanning; SPOT 5 and topographic derived variables. Model evaluation and parameter selection were measured by three threshold dependent measures (sensitivity, specificity and kappa) and the threshold independent Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) analysis. The final presence and absence maps were obtained through maximisation of the kappa statistic and applied at a resolution of 10 m across the entire catchment study area. For this data set, the most accurate algorithm for predicting the distribution of bell miner colonies was random forest (kappa = 0.84; ROC area under curve = 0.97). Variables most commonly selected in the six models were the laser scanning metrics; coefficient of variation, skewness, and the 10th and 90th percentiles derived from the shape of the height frequency distribution which, in turn, is directly influenced by vertical structure of the forest. An image textural statistic based on the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band of SPOT 5 was also commonly selected by the models. The SWIR band is sensitive to vegetation and soil moisture content. These models predicted that forest stands with a sparse eucalypt canopy over a moist, dense understorey were susceptible to being colonised by bell miners and hence BMAD. 相似文献
709.
太原市采暖季PM2.5中元素特征及重金属健康风险评价 总被引:10,自引:7,他引:3
通过采集太原市采暖季环境空气PM2.5样品,经等离子体发射光谱仪对19种元素进行测定,运用富集因子和主因子法揭示其来源,并对重金属的潜在生态风险、人体暴露和健康风险进行评价.结果表明,元素Si、Ca、Al、Na、Mg、K、Fe为PM2.5的主要元素;土壤风沙尘、煤烟尘、机动车车尾气、工业粉尘和建筑尘是元素的主要排放源,贡献率分别为43.46%、15.69%、13.41%、9.89%和9.03%.重金属潜在生态风险指数为1 953.82,具有极强的潜在生态危害程度;环境空气重金属暴露途径以手口摄食暴露为主,呼吸吸入暴露最小,皮肤接触暴露居中,儿童重金属暴露风险高于成人;PM2.5中重金属存在非致癌风险,不具有致癌风险,儿童非致癌风险值为2.94,是成人的1.39倍. 相似文献
710.
ZSM-5沸石分子筛吸附-脱附VOCs的性能研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以不同Si/Al比的ZSM-5分子筛为吸附剂,考察了硅铝比对其疏水性和吸附性能的影响.结果表明,随着Si/Al比的增加,其微孔孔体积和微孔表面积变大,当Si/Al100时,ZSM-5分子筛均具有良好的疏水性和对甲苯的选择性吸附能力,但脱附温度随之升高.同时,以4类VOCs(醇类、酯类、烃类、酮类)为吸附质,研究了ZSM-5分子筛吸附-脱附不同VOCs的性能.发现ZSM-5分子筛由于具有丰富的微孔结构更适合吸附小分子VOCs,对于同类VOCs分子,随着碳数的增加,分子大小和极性均增大,其与分子筛的作用力越强,热脱附温度越高,但VOCs在ZSM-5分子筛表面300℃左右就能脱附完全. 相似文献