嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌降解羽毛5 L发酵罐工业小试过程研究

为了将微生物处理羽毛工艺产业化,在摇瓶发酵条件优化的基础上进行5 L发酵罐工业小试研究,确定了放大发酵条件并根据发酵条件记录对发酵过程进行分析,推测代谢过程中的物质及能量变化及产物形成的动力学模型。在通气气压为0.08 MPa,空气流量为2.5 L/min及恒温40℃的条件下,产物得率比摇瓶发酵提高了2～3倍,发酵周期缩短了1 d。为羽毛废弃物的利用提供了可靠的依据。     

厌氧生物降解活性黑KN-B5

研究了在葡萄糖作为共代谢基质时活性黑KN-B5的降解效果。实验结果表明:当葡萄糖质量浓度为1 500m g/L时,活性黑KN-B5初始质量浓度为30m g/L的染料溶液厌氧生物降解24h和48h后的降解率分别达到77.5%和90.3%;活性黑KN-B5的厌氧降解符合一级动力学方程,其反应速率常数为0.043 6h-1,半衰期为15.9h;葡萄糖质量浓度的增大对提高活性黑KN-B5厌氧生物降解效果有利。紫外-可见光谱扫描结果表明,活性黑KN-B5的降解过程中生成了小分子芳香胺类化合物;扫描电子显微镜照片表明污泥中对活性黑KN-B5起降解作用的菌种主要是杆菌和球菌。     

Ca_5(AsO_4)_3OH的溶解度与稳定性研究

通过在不同pH值,温度等条件下Ca5(AsO4)3OH的溶解,确定其稳定存在的pH值范围,得出它的溶度积和生成的自由能(ΔG0f)。结果表明,Ca5(AsO4)3OH在水中的溶解度和稳定范围与pH和温度有关,在酸性条件下(初始pH=2)它的溶解度较大,而且在水中的溶解度随着温度的升高而降低。利用PHREEQC程序计算确定Ca5(AsO4)3OH的溶度积为10-40.86,生成自由能ΔG0f为-5 063.53 kJ/mol。利用JADE5软件计算得到其晶格参数a=b=9.696,c=6.967和晶胞体积为567.304 3。     

含钒废渣生产五氧化二钒的沉钒废水的处理研究

简要介绍了含钒废渣生产五氧化二钒的工艺,阐述了沉钒废水对人体和环境的危害,陈述了两种工艺沉钒废水的主要成分及浓度,分析了共性和特性。并针对不同的生产方法及沉钒废水的性质,分别选择制定合理的废水处理方案,为环境影响评价工作提供一定的科学依据。     

浙江油田管5井区块注水处理研究

浙江油田管5井区块属于低渗透区块,油田开发过程中产出水悬浮物(SS)、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、腐生菌(TGB)等指标严重超标。未经处理的油田污水如果直接注入到地层中,注入水中的悬浮颗粒会伤害油层的渗透率,导致注水井的吸水能力降低和油井产能下降,从而影响开发效果。因而,对其油田产出水采用内压式中空纤维超滤工艺处理。文章介绍了注水处理工艺及流程,结果表明:超滤工艺出水水质:SS为0.25mg/L,SRB菌数为0,铁细菌数为17个/mL,腐生菌数0,相关水质指标符合《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》(SY/T5329-94)的要求。     

1,2,4,5-四氯苯 C 18 Empore TM 膜/水分配系数的研究

研究了1,2,4,5-四氯苯在C18膜／水相之间的分配规律。1,2,4,5-四氯苯在：25℃,80r／min条件下恒温震荡96h可达分配平衡,温度和盐度对1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18膜／水的分配过程影响很小,1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18膜／水分配平衡时间受溶液体积和容器容积的影响,但不受溶液中C18膜膜量的影响,推测脂溶性小于或接近1,2,4,5-四氯苯的有机污染物在恒温震荡条件下C18膜与水之间的分配96h可达到平衡。     

Characterization and assessment of “Kullar Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant” wastewaters

We investigated conventional characterization of wastewaters of the "Kullar Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant." In the study of conventional characterization; 23 composite samples, which were taken during 10 months, were used and analysed as COD, BOD5, TKN, NH3-N, SS, VSS, TP, RP, TS, Alkalinity, oil and grease, detergent, chloride parameters. For determine of the plant efficiency, 8 output grab samples were taken. The COD and BOD5 values of influent, respectively, ranging from 37 to 1,056 mg/L and 8 to 140 mg/L in total wastewater. The meanly BOD5/COD ratio was calculated as 0.34 in total wastewaters.     

Dissipation,half-lives,and mass spectrometric identification of chlorpyrifos and its two metabolites on field-grown collard and kale

The persistence and fate of chlorpyrifos and its two metabolites, chlorpyrifos-oxon and the 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) break-down product were investigated on kale and collard leaves under field conditions. A simultaneous extraction and quantification procedure was developed for chrorpyrifos and its two main metabolites. Residues of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, and TCP were determined using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (GC/ECD). Chlorpyrifos metabolites were detectable up to 23 days following application. Residues were confirmed using a GC equipped with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD) in total ion mode. Initial residues of chlorpyrifos were greater on collard (14.5 µg g^?1) than kale (8.2 µg g^?1) corresponding to half-lives (T_1/2) values of 7.4 and 2.2 days, respectively. TCP, the hydrolysis product, was more persistent on collards with an estimated T_1/2 of 6.5 days compared to kale (T_1/2 of 1.9 days).     

Development on whose terms?: CSR discourse and social realities in Papua New Guinea's extractive industries sector

The emergence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the extractive industries represents a bid to legitimize the sector after decades of environmental disasters and the trampling of indigenous rights. But whilst the rise in CSR has meant safer technologies and better stakeholder engagement, there is little evidence of any real socio-economic development at the grassroots. This paper examines the uneasy relationship existing between the strategic ‘business model’ of CSR and the brand of development it delivers. Using evidence from two multinational extractive industries in Papua New Guinea, we show how weaknesses in CSR practice come from greater emphasis on meeting global ‘performance standards’ than on the specificities of the social contexts in which strategies are implemented. These weaknesses, we argue, lead to ill-conceived and inappropriate development programmes that generate inequality, fragmentation, and social and economic insecurity. We conclude that greater engagement with affected communities will facilitate the development of more mutually beneficial and appropriate CSR strategies.     

焦化废水BOD5接种质量控制

接种是BOD5质量控制关键。为了提高生物毒性较大的焦化废水BOD5测定结果的精密度和准确度,本文采用焦化废水活性污泥制备接种液,考察了接种底质和接种量对测定结果的影响。接种量为3～5mL/L时,BOD5值达到了GB 7488-1987质控要求。2个月的稳定性考察实验以及对随机水样的测定结果表明,该方法制备的接种液活性高、稳定性好,对改进焦化废水BOD5的监测有一定的现实指导意义。