六氯苯对原生动物四膜虫的生物毒性实验室研究

以原生动物嗜热四膜虫(TetrahymenathermophilaBF5)为靶生物,在PPYS培养基和无机盐培养基中,研究了生长稳定期间的四膜虫暴露于50μg/L、250μg/L和1000μg/LHCB的中短期生物毒性。研究结果表明,PPYS培养基中50μg/L的HCB对四膜虫的生长表现为促进作用,在试验时间内,四膜虫数量增加5%～15%。250μg/L和1000μg/L的HCB发生抑制作用。在250μg/L和1000μg/L的HCB中培养96h,四膜虫的数量分别降低到在同一时间无HCB存在情况下数量的63%和35%,168h时分别为42%和24%。在无机盐培养基中,3种浓度的HCB均对四膜虫的生长产生抑制作用,而且表现为急性和短期毒性。暴露于50μg/L、250μg/L和1000μg/L的HCB中96h,四膜虫的数量分别减少到同一时刻无HCB存在情况下数量的34%、24%和10%。可见,培养体系中营养物质的存在,可以降低和缓解HCB对四膜虫的生物毒性。     

地表水中高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量和化学需氧量的相关性分析研究

通过地表水点位中高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量和化学需氧量的监测数据,分析了高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量和化学需氧量之间的相关关系,得出了三者之间的比例关系和季节性相关关系,总结了三者之间的规律性.结果表明:地表水中高锰酸盐指数与化学需氧量的比例系数为0.236,生化需氧量与化学需氧量的比例系数为0.219.地表水中高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量相关性较好.冬季高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量的相关关系最好,秋季生化需氧量与化学需氧量的相关关系较好.     

溴阻燃剂对肝细胞的毒性

为评价四溴联苯醚(2,2,4,4-tetrabromodipheny lether,PBDE-47)、五溴联苯醚(2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenylether,PBDE-99)、九溴联苯醚(polybrominated dipheny lethers206,PBDE-206)、六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD)、四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A,TBBPA)对人肝细胞(LO2)的体外细胞毒性。将5种溴阻燃剂与人肝细胞LO2共同培养,采用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝比色法(MTT法)检测5种溴阻燃剂对LO2细胞的相对增殖率,并按照GB/T16886.5-2003/ISO10993-5:1999标准评价5种溴阻燃剂对LO2的细胞毒性。体外实验表明,5种溴阻燃剂对LO2细胞均具有抑制作用,其中PBDE-47、PBDE-99和HBCD呈现剂量依赖关系。     

Mn/Fe-Mn改性HZSM-5在NH3-SCR中的催化性能

采用离子交换法制备了不同Mn含量及不同Fe/Mn物质的量比的HZSM-5改性分子筛,并以NH3为还原剂,在体积空速为12000 h-1条件下,考察了上述催化剂选择性催化还原NO性能.同时,运用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)、比表面积(BET)和X-射线衍射(XRD)等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,改性催化剂中活性组分在载体表面呈高度分散形式,催化活性较高,复合改性较单独改性性能更为优越,适量Fe的加入提高了催化剂催化活性和稳定性;(0.25)Fe-Mn/HZSM-5(Fe/Mn物质的量比为0.25)的NO转化率于300℃时最高达到98%,在300～500℃范围内NO转化率均保持在90%以上.实验还研究了不同焙烧温度下制备的(0.25)Fe-Mn/HZSM-5对NO转化率的影响.结果表明,焙烧温度对催化剂的活性影响较大,550℃为最佳焙烧温度.     

乙酰丙酸和前体物对Rhodobacter sphaeroides 5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成的影响

球形红细菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides光合成培养过程中(接种量2g/L),分别以不同方式加入不同浓度的乙酰丙酸(LA)、前体物(甘氨酸、琥珀酸),发现LA(30mmol/L)分3次加入,甘氨酸(60mmol/L)分2次加入,可使5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成酶(ALAS)的活性(149.1U/mg)提高,而其脱水酶(ALAD)活性(143.4U/mg)降低,使ALA产量提高到33.8mmol/L.图2参9     

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of Kraft lignin with HZSM-5 zeolite for producing aromatic hydrocarbons

Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of Kraft lignins with HZSM-5 zeolite for producing aromatics was investigated using analytical pyrolysis methods. Two Kraft lignins were fast pyrolyzed in the absence and presence of HZSM-5 in a Curie-point pyrolyzer. Without the catalyst, fast pyrolysis of lignin predominantly produced phenols and guaiacols that were derived from the subunits of lignin. However, the presence of HZSM-5 changed the product distribution dramatically. As the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of HZSM-5 decreased from 200 to 25 and the catalyst-to-lignin ratio increased from 1 to 20, the lignin-derived oxygenates progressively decreased to trace and the aromatics increased substantially. The aromatic yield increased considerably as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 500°C to 650°C, but then decreased with yet further increase of pyrolysis temperature. Under optimal reaction conditions, the aromatic yields were 2.0 wt.% and 5.2 wt.% for the two lignins that had effective hydrogen indexes of 0.08 and 0.35.     

Preparation of nZVI embedded modified mesoporous carbon for catalytic persulfate to degradation of reactive black 5

• The MCNZVI is prepared as an interesting material for PS activation. • Graphitized carbon shells facilitate electron transfer from Fe⁰. • The MCNZVI exhibits excellent performance to degrade RB5 by ¹O₂. • The MCNZVI has high stability and reusability in the oxidation system. High-efficiency and cost-effective catalysts with available strategies for persulfate (PS) activation are critical for the complete mineralization of organic contaminants in the environmental remediation and protection fields. A nanoscale zero-valent iron-embedded modified mesoporous carbon (MCNZVI) with a core-shell structure is synthesized using the hydrothermal synthesis method and high-temperature pyrolysis. The results showed that nZVI could be impregnated within mesoporous carbon frameworks with a comparatively high graphitization degree, rich nitrogen doping content, and a large surface area and pore volume. This material was used as a persulfate activator for the oxidation removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5). The effects of the material dosage, PS concentration, pH, and some inorganic anions (i.e., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) on RB5 degradation were then investigated. The highest degradation efficiency (97.3%) of RB5 was achieved via PS (20 mmol/L) activation by the MCNZVI (0.5 g/L). The pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 2.11 × 10⁻² min⁻¹) in the MCNZVI/PS (0.5 g/L, 20 mmol/L) was greater than 100 times than that in the MCNZVI and PS. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), including ¹O₂, SO₄^·−, HO^·, and ·O₂⁻, were generated by PS activation with the MCNZVI. Singlet oxygen was demonstrated to be the primary ROS responsible for the RB5 degradation. The MCNZVI could be reused and regenerated for recycling. This work provides new insights into PS activation to remove organic contamination.     

郑州市采暖期与非采暖期PM2.5中重金属来源及潜在健康风险评价

为了研究郑州市PM_(2.5)中部分金属元素在采暖期与非采暖期的来源、污染特征并进行相应的生态风险及健康风险评价,于2016年春季非采暖期和冬季采暖期在河南郑州设置采样点,采集有效膜样本105个.测定PM_(2.5)质量浓度及其中Zn、Pb、Cu、As、Cd、Co、Mn、Fe共8种金属元素含量,郑州2016年非采暖期PM_(2.5)质量浓度日均值为113.41μg·m~(-3)、采暖期为216.99μg·m~(-3),采暖期中Cu、Zn、As、Cd这4种元素的浓度分别是非采暖期的2.3、2.0、1.9、1.5倍,季节性差异明显.富集因子分析显示郑州地区Cd元素富集程度最高已超过1000,受人为影响严重.PMF源解析表明燃煤源及机动车源是郑州采暖期重金属主要来源,贡献率为48.00%和34.95%;扬尘源及交通污染源在非采暖期的贡献率为55.92%和31.08%.健康风险评价显示3种致癌元素As、Cd、Co的致癌风险值均小于10~(-4),Mn的非致癌风险值最高为0.9,可能存在一定的非致癌风险.     

自然灾害生态环境风险及其评价——以汶川地震极重灾区次生泥石流灾害为例

灾害生态环境风险评价的关键是评价不确定性灾害事件的发生概率和它对人类依存的生态系统造成的负面后果,评价步骤包括4个部分:受体分析、风险源的概率分析、暴露和脆弱性评价、风险表征。以汶川地震10个极重灾区的研究资料为基础,评价地震次生泥石流灾害生态环境风险指数和生态环境损失,并按照生态环境风险指数和生态环境损失大小对未来10县市的生态环境风险进行了排序。综合考虑2个评价结果,汶川县、北川县、绵竹市生态环境风险较高,安县、青川县、什邡市生态环境风险较低。     

自制ZSM-5分子筛对甲苯气体的吸附-脱附性能

考察了自制ZSM-5分子筛对甲苯气体的吸附-脱附性能,并与市售MCM-22分子筛进行了对比实验。实验结果表明:在吸附温度为25℃、进口甲苯质量浓度为840mg/m3、吸附气体流速为0.016m/s、床层高度为15cm的条件下,出口甲苯质量浓度达到0.8mg/m3时的穿透时间为82min,吸附效率为4.26mg/g;在脱附温度为80℃、脱附气体流速为0.016m/s的条件下,脱附35min时出口甲苯质量浓度达到最大,为1220mg/m3。自制ZSM-5分子筛的吸附-脱附性能优于市售MCM-22分子筛。