铜-胺改性ZSM-5吸附剂的制备及其对NOx的净化机理

以ZSM-5分子筛粉体为原料,成型后负载铜盐和有机胺改性,制备出一种高效脱除氮氧化物的吸附剂。通过改变铜盐、有机胺的含量以及铜盐活化温度使吸附剂的性能得到优化,在实验条件下（NO₂初浓度1 000 mg/m³,气流2.7 L/min）床层对NO₂动态吸附的透过时间由改性前的3 min提高到90 min,并使NO气体的释放得到有效减缓。通过动态吸附实验研究了NO释放时间在负载前后的变化,通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和红外分析（FTIR）研究了吸附剂表面铜元素、有机基团等在吸附前后的变化规律,提出了可能的净化机理。     

Bioaccumulation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in perch in Swedish lakes

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), a high production volume chemical used in personal care products, enters the environment both via air and sewage treatment plant (STP) recipients. It has been found in fish, and there is concern that it may be a bioaccumulative substance. In this work D5 was analyzed in perch from six Swedish lakes that did not receive STP effluent, and in perch and sediment from six lakes that received STP effluent. In the lakes receiving the STP effluent, the D5 concentrations in sediment varied over three orders of magnitude and were correlated with the number of persons connected to the STP normalized to the surface area of the receiving body. In the lakes not receiving effluent, the D5 levels in perch were all below the LOQ, while D5 was above the LOQ in almost all perch from lakes that received effluent. The D5 concentrations in perch and sediment from the lakes receiving STP effluent were correlated. This shows that STP effluent is a much more important source of D5 to aquatic ecosystems than atmospheric deposition, and that the risk of adverse effects of D5 on aquatic life will be greatest in small recipients receiving large amounts of STP effluent. The bioaccumulation of D5 was compared to that of PCB 180 on the basis of multimedia bioaccumulation factors (mmBAFs), which describe the fraction of the contaminant present in the whole aquatic environment (i.e. water and surface sediment) that is transferred to the fish. In four of the six lakes the mmBAF of D5 was >0.3 of the mmBAF of PCB 180. Given that PCB 180 is a known highly bioaccumulative chemical, this indicates that the bioaccumulation of D5 in perch is considerable.     

Accounting for intended use application in characterizing the contributions of cyclopentasiloxane (D5) to aquatic loadings following personal care product use: Antiperspirants,skin care products and hair care products

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, commonly known as D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) has a wide application of use across a multitude of personal care product categories. The relative volatility of D5 is one of the key properties attributed to this substance that provide for the derived performance benefits from the use of this raw material in personal care formulations. On this basis, rapid evaporative loss following use of many products comprising D5 is expected following typical use application and corresponding wear time.     

Predictors of urinary bisphenol A and phthalate metabolite concentrations in Mexican children

Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates is prevalent among children and adolescents, but little is known regarding important sources of exposure at these sensitive life stages. In this study, we measured urinary concentrations of BPA and nine phthalate metabolites in 108 Mexican children aged 8–13 years. Associations of age, time of day, and questionnaire items on external environment, water use, and food container use with specific gravity-corrected urinary concentrations were assessed, as were questionnaire items concerning the use of 17 personal care products in the past 48-h. As a secondary aim, third trimester urinary concentrations were measured in 99 mothers of these children, and the relationship between specific gravity-corrected urinary concentrations at these two time points was explored. After adjusting for potential confounding by other personal care product use in the past 48-h, there were statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive associations in boys for cologne/perfume use and monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and in girls for colored cosmetics use and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), MEHHP, MEOHP, and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), conditioner use and MEP, deodorant use and MEP, and other hair products use and MBP. There was a statistically significant positive trend for the number of personal care products used in the past 48-h and log-MEP in girls. However, there were no statistically significant associations between the analytes and the other questionnaire items and there were no strong correlations between the analytes measured during the third trimester and at 8–13 years of age. We demonstrated that personal care product use is associated with exposure to multiple phthalates in children. Due to rapid development, children may be susceptible to impacts from exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals; thus, reduced or delayed use of certain personal care products among children may be warranted.     

V_2O_5共混制备改性活性焦的脱硫性能及机理

以煤为原料、V2O5为添加剂共混制备新型活性焦(V/AC),研究了该活性焦的物理化学特征和脱硫性能,并探讨了改性活性焦脱硫机制。研究表明,改性活性焦的得率随V2O5负载量增加而增加,其脱硫性能均比未改性的活性焦高。当V2O5负载比例为12%时,碘值达到最大,为415 mg/g;其脱硫性能也最高,穿透硫容达到136.42 mg/g炭,比未改性活性焦增加约38.23%。BET结果表明,改性活性焦主要以微孔为主;红外光谱分析显示活性焦表面存在醇、羧酸、酚或醚类官能团。改性活性焦的脱硫机制包括:V2O5在活性焦表面主要以V2O3存在,脱硫时在氧气的存在下转化为V2O5;V/AC吸附、氧化SO2形成具有VOSO4结构的中间体,此中间体与O2反应生成V2O5和SO3,SO3或与H2O结合所成的H2SO4迁移到V2O5周围的微孔中。     

5G基站电磁辐射环境特征及监测实证研究

根据5G基站工作原理及发射特点,研究了5G基站的电磁辐射方向、强度与用户终端位置分布及应用场景存在的对应关系.经实测验证,终端位置移动将导致电磁辐射方向发生显著变化;多终端窄波辐射相互叠加与应用场景明显相关,基站小区辐射覆盖范围扩大.建议对现行移动通信基站电磁辐射环境监测技术方法进行研究修订.     

MnOx/HZSM-5去除烟气中元素态汞的实验研究

采用浸渍法制备了一系列的MnOx/HZSM-5,在实验烟气中研究了MnOx/HZSM-5对Hg0的去除行为,并运用比表面(BET)和X-射线衍射(XRD)技术对其进行了表征.结果表明,在6%O2条件下HZSM-5本身具有良好的去除Hg0的性能,改性后的分子筛对Hg0吸附和氧化的能力得到改善,且MnOx负载量在10%时效果最佳;适当升高反应温度能增强脱汞效率,300℃为最佳反应温度;烟气中O2能促进汞的氧化,而NO和SO2与汞竞争MnOx/HZSM-5上的活性位,对Hg0的氧化有一定的抑制作用.此外,研究还发现,在MnOx/HZSM-5吸附剂上Hg0主要是经氧化形成HgO,其脱汞机理在一定程度上符合Mars-Maessen机理.     

佛山市中心城区工业污染源排放的数值模拟

以广东省佛山市中心城区为研究区域,在分析城区工业污染源排放与分布特征的基础上,应用中尺度气象模式MM5耦合空气质量模式CALPUFF的方法,模拟了中心城区工业污染源排放SO₂的扩散传输过程. 在考虑周边污染源及本地污染物的情况下,发现ρ(SO₂)模拟值与实测值的变化趋势一致,表明模拟方案可较好地反映ρ(SO₂)的时空分布特征. 分析中心城区工业源排放时空分布模拟结果发现,工业污染源排放与分布特征和气象环境是影响城区工业源排放SO2的时空分布的重要因素.      

生活污水中BOD5与CODCr关系的区域性差异分析

生活污水含有大量可降解有机物,在厌氧条件下可以产生温室气体.IPCC(联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会)指南提供的计算温室气体的方法中,BOD₅和COD_Cr是计算CH₄排放的重要参数.以BOD₅和COD_Cr生化构成特性和数学模型为基础,对2005年347家城镇污水处理厂的ρ(BOD₅)和ρ(COD_Cr)数据进行分析,研究生活污水中ρ(BOD₅)与ρ(COD_Cr)关系的区域性差异.结果表明,生活污水中ρ(BOD₅)与ρ(COD_Cr)间的相关关系存在明显的区域特征,这种区域性差异主要由污水的来源和其理化特性决定.总体来看,ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)值基本在0.4～0.5之间.在省级温室气体估算过程中,各省区可采用本地特有的ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)值,进行源自生活污水的CH₄排放计算.      

城市污水处理中提高生物脱氮效率的研究

提高城市污水处理中生物脱氮效率是当今国内外在污水处理中重点研究的课题。对现常用的A／O（缺氧／好氧）系统进行改进,从好氧装置出水口到厌氧装置之间增加一个回流装置,使在保持原有装置较高的CODCR和BOD5去除率的同时,使装置对氮的支除率有较大的提高。这对现有污水处理厂提高氮的去除效果有一定的实用意义。