成都市城区PM2.5中二次水溶性无机离子污染特征

2009年4月~2010年1月在成都市城区采集131个PM2.5样品,应用离子色谱法对PM2.5中二次水溶性无机离子(NH+4、NO-3和SO2-4)含量进行分析,并探讨其污染特征.结果表明,PM2.5中NH+4、NO-3和SO2-4的平均浓度值分别为(10.4±8.6)、(19.7±14.6)和(32.8±21.8)μg·m-3,分别占PM2.5质量的(5.5±2.8)%、(11.1±3.5)%和(19.3±6.4)%,三者总和占PM2.5质量浓度的(35.9±12.7)%.PM2.5中NH+4、NO-3和SO2-4的季节变化特征明显,夏、冬两季NH+4、NO-3和SO2-4的浓度均为SO2-4>NO-3>NH+4,其总和占PM2.5质量浓度的百分比为冬(44.3%)>夏(39.4%).相关分析结果显示,NH+4、NO-3和SO2-4在成都主要以NH4HSO4、(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3形式存在;NO-3/SO2-4比值表明,成都市大气中硫和氮的主要来源以固定源为主;硫氧化速率和氮氧化速率的年均值分别为:0.33±0.12和0.19±0.09,表明成都市PM2.5中SO2-4和NO-3主要经二次转化形成.     

Effect of Mo contents on properties of Mo/ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for NOx reduction

Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Mo content were prepared by impregnation method. The effect of Mo content on the property of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts and their performance for selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with ammonia was investigated by XRD, ICP,XPS and NO-TPD respectively. The results showed that the catalytic activity of Mo/ZSM-5 for SCR of NO is strongly influenced by the Mo loading in HZSM-5 zeolites. The NOx conversion reached the highest value of 64.2% at 375℃ when Mo content is about 10.9%, and the temperatures at which the maximum of NOx conversion obtained were declined with the increase of Mo content. From XRD results, it can be seen that it exhibits the distinct interaction between Mo and HZSM-5 when Mo content is about 10.9%. This may result in a suitable phase structure in Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst, which is advantageous for NO reduction. XPS and NO-TPD results also showed that the catalytic activity of Mo/ZSM-5 may be related to the Mo percent on the surface.     

Si-FeOOH催化臭氧氧化降解活性艳红MX-5B的效能研究

通过共沉淀的方法在羟基氧化铁(FeOOH)合成过程中掺入硅(Si)来制备硅羟基氧化铁(Si-FeOOH)催化剂,比较其与FeOOH在物理强度等方面的差异,同时研究Si-FeOOH催化臭氧氧化降解活性艳红的效能、推断反应机理、考察各种因素对脱色率的影响.结果表明:相对于FeOOH,Si-FeOOH的物理强度有所提高,在水溶液中不易破碎;Si-FeOOH催化臭氧氧化降解活性艳红效果显著,比单独臭氧氧化的脱色率有较大提高;催化过程遵循自由基反应机理;脱色率随着臭氧浓度的增加而升高,在应用Si-FeOOH催化臭氧对染料脱色时存在最佳催化剂投量;Si-FeOOH在中性条件下其催化活性显著,催化剂性能稳定,可重复利用.     

用发酵豆水做接种液测定水中的生化需氧量

接种液的质量是测定BOD5的关键因素之一,本文介绍了一种适合于在寒冷天气条件下使用的测定水中生化需氧量（BOD5）接种液。     

北京市能见度下降与颗粒物污染的关系

为了解北京市能见度下降的主要原因,在1999—2000年对各种污染物的消光系数和不同粒径太小颗粒物的质量浓度进行了观测．发现颗粒物的散射消光作用在北京市能见度下降中占有主要地位,其中与细粒子的关系更为密切．在不同季节运用不同的回归方程,利用细粒子质量浓度可以方便快捷地估算出大气能见度的近似值。     

6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢的缝隙腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究6A01-T5铝合金和304不锈钢异种金属间的缝隙腐蚀行为规律。方法 采用常温常压浸泡腐蚀方法,结合SEM、EDS、XRD和白光干涉检测,对6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙结构在碱性Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果 6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙腐蚀表现为在缝口处产生沿缝口方向的凹陷渠,在缝内,以局部减薄和腐蚀坑为主,并随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀程度逐渐加重。不同区域腐蚀产物的形貌和成分组成不尽相同,缝外暴露区的腐蚀产物表现为晶体颗粒状,主要成分为Ca CO3和Al(OH)3等铝的腐蚀产物。缝口附近沿缝口方向形成一层有明显界线的腐蚀产物覆盖层,缝隙内部的腐蚀产物相对较少,表现为尺寸相对较小的结块,主要成分为Al(OH)3等铝的腐蚀产物。结论 在6A01-T5铝合金与304不锈钢非电连接情况下,6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙内2种金属分别独立发生缝隙腐蚀,因2种金属在腐蚀过程中争夺O2,使得304不锈钢对6A01-T5铝合金的缝隙腐蚀起到抑制作用。     

N─苯甲酰苯基羟胺／吡啶偶氮染料配体交换反应萃取分光光度法测定固体废物浸出液中的微量钒

在强酸性介质中，ＶＯ３与Ｎ－苯甲酰苯基羟胺（ＢＰＨＡ）反应生成紫红色络合物，能定量地被ＣＨＣＬ３萃取．萃取液加入２－（５－溴－２－吡啶偶氮）－５－二乙氨基酚（５—Ｂｒ—ＰＡＤＡＰ）后可发生配体交换反应，并生成橙红色的Ｖ（Ｖ）－５—Ｂｒ—ＰＡＤＡＰ络合物，有机相可直接用于光度测定．Ｖ（Ｖ）－５—Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ的最大吸收波长为６００ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数为５．４Ｘ１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，线性范围为０～０．７６μｇｖ／ｗｌ。     

三元离子缔合物萃取分光光度法测定环境水样中Fe(Ⅱ)和总铁含量

以3-(2-吡啶基)-5,6-二苯基-1,2,4-三嗪(PDT)为络合衍生显色试剂,四溴酚酞乙酯钾(TBPE-K)为离子对试剂,Fe(Ⅱ)与PDT、TBPE-K生成三元离子缔合物[Fe(PDT)3][TBPE]2,用1,2-二氯乙烷作为有机萃取试剂,测定有机相中离子缔合物的吸光度。由于三元离子缔合物的生成,最大吸收波长由555 nm红移至610 nm,摩尔吸收系数由2.45;104L.mol-1.cm-1增加至1.95;105L.mol-1.cm-1,使得检测方法的灵敏度得到较大提高,并成功应用于泉水及表层湖水中Fe(II)及总铁含量的测定。     

Effect of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle size on selective catalytic oxidation of N,N-Dimethylformamide

● A series of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts were tested for DMF selective catalytic oxidation. ● Cu-6 nm samples showed the best catalytic activity and N₂ selectivity. ● Redox properties and chemisorbed oxygen impact on DMF catalytic oxidation. ● Isolated Cu²⁺ species and weak acidity have effects on the generation of N₂. N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a nitrogen-containing volatile organic compound (NVOC) with high emissions from the spray industry, has attracted increasing attention. In this study, Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle sizes of 3, 6, 9 and 12 nm were synthesized and tested for DMF selective catalytic oxidation. The crystal structure and physicochemical properties of the catalyst were studied by various characterization methods. The catalytic activity increases with increasing CuO particle size, and complete conversion can be achieved at 300–350 °C. The Cu-12 nm catalyst has the highest catalytic activity and can achieve complete conversion at 300 °C. The Cu-6 nm sample has the highest N₂ selectivity at lower temperatures, reaching 95% at 300 °C. The activity of the catalysts is determined by the surface CuO cluster species, the bulk CuO species and the chemisorbed surface oxygen species. The high N₂ selectivity of the catalyst is attributed to the ratio of isolated Cu²⁺ and bulk CuO species, and weak acidity is beneficial to the formation of N₂. The results in this work will provide a new design of NVOC catalytic oxidation catalysts.     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基基因的PCR及AS-PCR标记

选用高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)在Glu-D1位点已知的 26个普通小麦品种,包括 15个 (TriticumaestivumL. )川育系列品种及其 11个亲本,根据其亚基Dx5和Dy10基因的特异序列设计引物.通过对Dx5基因的PCR扩增及对Dy10基因的AS-PCR扩增,结果表明,所设计的引物对Dx5和Dy10都能扩增出特异条带,而携有Dx5基因的材料同时也携有Dy10基因.说明用所设计的引物可快速有效的鉴定出普通小麦中是否带有优质的 5 10亚基.图 4参 15