我国建筑装饰材料的发展趋势

本文以现代的新型建筑装饰材料和人们未来的发展需要为依据，论述未来我国建筑装饰材料发展的趋势。     

两种家庭住宅类型的环境影响比较

住房消费是家庭消费环境影响的主要来源，利用生命周期分析方法和Boustead模型，对两种典型居民楼的部分生命周期过程的能源消耗及环境排放进行了比较。结果表明，高层住宅楼的生命周期过程的能量消耗及大气、水体和固体废弃物的排放量均明显高于低层住宅楼。这说明，随着居民住宅楼向高层发展，家庭住宅消费的环境影响增加了。     

建筑与水体关系的探讨

通过建筑与水体的相互关系,阐述建筑与自然水环境、人工水环境的有机结合.在水体的形式、形态和造型等方面,详细介绍了水在建筑设计与室内设计中的应用和处理手法.     

云南粳稻耐低磷特性的主基因加多基因遗传分析

磷高效水稻培育是提高土壤潜在磷利用效率的一种途径,通过对云南粳稻耐低磷特性的主基因加多基因遗传分析,可以明确耐低磷特性主基因的存在、对数及遗传效应的大小,为磷高效育种提供理论依据。本试验通过云南主栽粳稻品种合系35(Oryza sativa)与耐低磷极强早旱谷(Oryza sativa)配制P1、P2、F1、F2或F3世代,在云南省农科院进行低磷胁迫试验,对耐低磷鉴定和主基因加多基因联合遗传分析,结果表明:早旱谷的分蘖和株穗产量基因受两对主效基因 多基因相互配合遗传控制的,两对主基因间存在上位性效应,两主基因间效应差异较大。分蘖力F2主基因遗传率为58.82%~72.13%,F3主基因遗传率为45.88%~57.96%;株穗产量F2主基因遗传率60.94%~83.08%,F3主基因遗传率为62.20%~75.80%。因此育种中应当充分重视主基因的利用,利用主基因应以第一对主基因的加性效应为主,对后代耐低磷性状的选择宜从F2代开始,杂交的后期世代也要注意耐性的选择。     

Use of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Marine Conservation

Abstract:  Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) represents multiple bodies of knowledge accumulated through many generations of close interactions between people and the natural world. TEK and its application via customary ecological management plans can be useful in modern conservation programs. I disaggregate the term TEK into its constituent parts and show several ways in which TEK can strengthen research designs by increasing locality-specific knowledge, including environmental linkages occurring in those localities. Examples of the uses of TEK in conservation include folk taxonomy in systematics in Micronesia, species knowledge for conservation in Kiribati, and fishers' knowledge of ecological interactions for reserve design in Belize. When conservationists recognize the utility of TEK, they can engage in an equitable exchange of knowledge and foster shared responsibility with indigenous people. These types of exchanges can also provide an opportunity for indigenous people to develop a scientific infrastructure.     

Does the great spotted cuckoo choose magpie hosts according to their parenting ability?

When brood parasites are about to lay an egg, they have to decide which nest to parasitize. The best nest in which to lay will depend on the parenting ability of the host. We have studied selection of magpie (Pica pica) hosts by great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius). Great spotted cuckoos preferentially parasitize large host nests. Nest volume in magpies is a good indicator of territory quality, since there is a negative relationship between magpie nest size and breeding date, and timing of breeding in magpies is known to be positively related to territory quality. Moreover, magpies occupying high-quality territories have high breeding success. Therefore, nest size is positively related to the quality of magpies. Parasitized magpie nests were of greater volume than the nearest neighbouring nest not parasitized by the great spotted cuckoo. In order to test whether the great spotted cuckoos might select high-quality magpie hosts, we manipulated pairs of parasitized and non-parasitized nests with identical laying dates and habitats, introducing into each of the nests the same number of parasitic and non-parasitic eggs. The number of fledglings reared (magpie plus great spotted cuckoo chicks) in naturally parasitized nests was higher than in experimentally parasitized nests. Thus, the probability of survival of the parasite chicks increased if cuckoo eggs were laid in the nests of high-quality hosts originally chosen by the parasite.     

完善污染事故应急监测能力建设提高环境突发事件应急处置能力

各级环境监测部门通过加强自身监测能力建设和进行实战演练应对环境污染事故的发生。本文通过已制定的环境突发污染事故应急预案，阐述了如何加强能力建设，以及在实施演练过程中取得的经验。     

利用砖石构筑物降低噪声

本文通过几个噪声控制工程实例，说明根据现场条件，利用砖墙、房屋、下水道等砖石构筑物降噪、不仅降噪效果好、而且经费节省，是在工程中宜优先采用的措施．     

住宅建筑的日照环境分析

根据日照理论,分析了住宅建筑在无遮挡情况下的日照变化和有遮挡情况下不同布局、水平位置以及楼层对日照的影响.住宅建筑的日照环境分析对于在住宅小区的规划设计工作中、房地产公司向客户提供商品房日照指标等方面有着重要的意义.     

高层建筑承受纵向地震波时的安全核算构想

高层建筑可预期的灾变非至一端，这里仅探讨高层建筑的抗震性能问题。地震过程中楼体受到的是地震波和自身固有频率的共同作用，此时楼体是一个多维动态系统，其应力状态比传统方法所描述的力学模型要复杂行多。本文应用ANSYS三维仿真有限元软件，采用单点响应谱的方法，对楼体在纵向地震波作用下的应力状态和变形情况进行了分析。对楼体构件单元型式的选择、网格密度的确定、有限元模型的建立等也提出了自己的见解。在后处理中，用列表和图形的方式显示了楼体的位移和应用状态。