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81.
Bohan Liao Zhaohui Guo Qingru Zeng Anne Probst Jean-Luc Probst 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):151-161
Leaching experiments of rebuilt soil columns with two simulated acid rain solutions (pH 4.6–3.8) were conducted for two natural
soils and two artificial contaminated soils from Hunan, south-central China, to study effects of acid rain on competitive
releases of soil Cd, Cu, and Zn. Distilled water was used in comparison. The results showed that the total releases were Zn>Cu>Cd
for the natural soils and Cd>Zn≫Cu for the contaminated soils, which reflected sensitivity of these metals to acid rain. Leached
with different acid rain, about 26–76% of external Cd and 11–68% external Zn were released, but more than 99% of external
Cu was adsorbed by the soils, and therefore Cu had a different sorption and desorption pattern from Cd and Zn. Metal releases
were obviously correlated with releases of TOC in the leachates, which could be described as an exponential equation. Compared
with the natural soils, acid rain not only led to changes in total metal contents, but also in metal fraction distributions
in the contaminated soils. More acidified soils had a lower sorption capacity to metals, mostly related to soil properties
such as pH, organic matter, soil particles, adsorbed SO4
2−, exchangeable Al3+ and H+, and contents of Fe2O3 and Al2O3. 相似文献
82.
83.
在单因素试验、Plackett-Burman设计试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法对养殖水体中炔雌醇(EE2)的固相萃取条件进行优化。结果表明,洗脱液体积、洗脱液组成和淋洗液体积是影响EE2固相萃取回收率的3个主要因素;EE2的最佳固相萃取条件为:水样pH值为3,进样流量为3.0 mL/min,淋洗液为体积分数为10%的甲醇水溶液,淋洗液体积7.0 mL,洗脱液为乙酸乙酯-正己烷混合溶液(体积比为9∶1),洗脱液体积12.0 mL。该条件下养殖水样中EE2固相萃取回收率为81.6%~86.7%。 相似文献
84.
Abstract This paper describes the development of apparatus suitable for direct supercritical fluid extraction of organics from water. Results are presented for the extraction of pentachlorophenol present in water at concentrations of the order of 0.1 ppm. The effect of changes in apparatus design and supercritical fluid flow rate on recovery are discussed. 相似文献
85.
M. Humayoun Akhtar Louise G Croteau 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):117-133
Abstract A rapid, accurate, environmentally friendly and cost‐effective microwave extraction technique was developed for the extraction of spiked and incurred salmomycin from chicken tissues (kidney, liver, muscle, ovarian yolk and fat). Extraction of salinomycin from various tissues was achieved by irradiating the sample in absolute ethanol and 2‐propanol (15+2) for 9 sec. in a common household microwave oven. The extract was analysed without further cleanup by HPLC on a C18 column (5 μm) and detected at 592 nm via post‐column reaction with 4‐dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMABA) in a heated reactor coil at 86° C. Recoveries of salinomycin from spiked tissues at 30 ng/g level ranged between 87 and 100%. The limit of quantitation was found to be 10 ng/g. The developed method was applied for the analysis of incurred tissues and ovarian yolk of laying chickens given sodium salinomycin in feed at different levels for 14 consecutive days followed by withdrawal periods. Residues were detected in all tissues and ovarian yolk at 0 withdrawal time but declined during the withdrawal period. Highest residue were found in fat and ovarian yolk. 相似文献
86.
采用泄漏检测与维修( LDAR)技术进行了全面检测和统计分析,分析泄漏的原因并通过维修减少泄漏。结果表明:芳烃抽提装置容易泄漏的元件主要为连接件和阀门,主要分布在泵区;SV≥5000μmol/mol的泄漏密封点占总密封点数的0.57%,对总泄漏量的贡献达到了82%,是造成泄漏排放的主要部分。设备管阀件泄漏造成的加工损失率为0.0009%,泄漏点停工维修修复率为83%,停工维修后整体泄漏率为0.03%;VOCs减排率为71%。 相似文献
87.
88.
超过12m的超高中庭发生火灾时,常规排烟方法不能完全满足实际需求。通过FDS软件对某超高"Z型"中庭进行数值模拟,研究中庭高度对自然排烟特性的影响。该"Z型"中庭底层南面是自然进风口,顶层北面是自然排烟口,以烟气最先到达指定楼层人员危险时间值为到达危险时间。实验条件下模拟结果表明:无风情况下,中庭高度增加,到达危险时间增加,自然排烟效果增强。到达危险时间t与中庭高度h之间满足一定指数增长关系:t=y0+Aexp(h/α),中庭火源位置和中庭宽度对y0、A和α有一定影响。有风情况下,外界风向与进风口方向一致时,中庭自然排烟效果优于无风状况,中庭越高效果越强。在外界风向与排烟口方向相反时,烟气倒灌进中庭,自然排烟效果较弱。 相似文献
89.
针对新建矿井地勘瓦斯含量测值偏低和井下实测瓦斯含量较少的特点,结合工程和科研实践,提出了利用大量的工作面瓦斯涌出量反演煤层原始瓦斯含量技术和基于探采对比的煤层瓦斯含量预测方法。以邹庄井田32煤层为研究对象,在考虑瓦斯抽采情况下计算3204工作面瓦斯涌出量,并反演该工作面煤层原始瓦斯含量。通过对比采掘过程中获得的瓦斯含量和地勘瓦斯含量,得到不同钻孔深度时的地勘瓦斯含量修正系数,并采用瓦斯地质研究方法对32煤层分3个单元进行瓦斯含量预测。结果表明:32煤层瓦斯含量整体呈现"东部大于西部,北部大于南部"的规律,与临近矿井具有相似的瓦斯赋存规律。这表明利用探采对比的方法预测煤层瓦斯含量是可靠的。 相似文献
90.
在研究煤层瓦斯抽采时,假定煤岩为具有孔隙裂隙的双重介质,在运动方程、连续性方程和辅助方程基础上,以煤岩体应变为耦合媒介建立了考虑裂隙瓦斯渗流、微孔隙吸附瓦斯解吸扩散和煤岩变形的渗流模型.借助多物理场分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics,将模型转化为偏微分方程组,结合沙曲矿24305工作面瓦斯赋存条件进行分析求解.结果表明,进行煤层瓦斯预抽时,抽采初期瓦斯压力下降较快,抽采孔间距对抽采效果影响比较显著,距离抽采孔越远瓦斯压力下降越慢,抽采时瓦斯渗流速度变化可分3个阶段.参考模拟结果现场布置孔距为6m的顺层钻孔,抽采稳定时瓦斯纯量达5~7 m3/min,抽采效果比较理想. 相似文献