COST REDUCTIONS DUE TO SEASONAL VARIATION IN MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT LEVELS1

ABSTRACT: Varying treatment levels to meet seasonal variation in assimilative capacity of streams can reduce total costs of treatment. A mathematical model of a Pennsylvania stream based on a theoretically sound approximation of the physical relationships underlying the distribution of DO in a river system was used to determine discharge constraints for an economic optimization model which produced estimates of sewage treatment cost savings. Increasing the number of flow periods during the year enhances cost reducing opportunities even when land application processes are considered. Also, the least cost treatment process for year around operation may not be the least costly under multiple flow period management.     

日本建筑垃圾再资源化相关法规介绍

介绍了日本建筑垃圾的分类方法和种类以及与建筑垃圾再资源化有关的法律法规。     

New Technology for Conducting Radiation Hazard Assessments: The Application of the Underwater Radiation Spectral Identification System (URSIS) at the Massachusetts Bay Industrial Waste (U.S.A.)

The Underwater Radiation Spectral Identification System (URSIS) is a portable spectrometer used for the in situ detection of radioactivity in the marine environment. This paper reports on the first time application of this technology to assess, in a preliminary manner, the potential radiation threat to the public and environment at an aquatic disposal site – the Massachusetts Bay Industrial Waste Site (IWS). Utilizing the meneuvering capabilities of ROV and manned submersible vehicles, the URSIS was successfully positioned close (5–10 cm) to waste containers for a period sufficient to detect, in real time, the presence of radioactive materials. Spectral data from 45 individual targets indicated that the radionuclides present in sediments which draped or partially buried waste containers were consistent with natural background concentrations. No man-made radionuclides were detected at any of the target or background measurement locations. These data support the conclusion that low-level radiation does not pose an imminent and widespread human health or ecological threat in Massachusetts Bay.     

Alternative treatments for the municipal solid waste and domestic sewage in Campinas,Brazil

The treatments of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the domestic sewage (DS) are critical issues of the current political and environment discussions. These concerns are due to the lack of dumping areas, the continuous increase of the population, and public health issues. The adequate treatment and management of MSW and DS can produce many benefits such as financial funds, heat and energy production, reduction of emissions and recuperation of water for reuse. Currently in Campinas MSW and DS are deposited in landfills or discharged into rivers and other sites. In the present study two scenarios are evaluated for the treatment of MSW and DS in Campinas: recycling with biological treatment and recycling with thermal treatment. The most suitable treatments for Campinas, based on the data from the present analysis and taking into consideration the local conditions, maximization of energy potential and environmental benefits, are incineration for the MSW and biological treatment for DS, both with energy recuperation. The main gains of this option are substantial environmental benefits, generated energy which can reach 18% of the total electrical energy consumed in Campinas while about 53% recuperation of the total amount of water treated for Campinas in 2010.     

Assessing of Environmental Quality in Six Areas in India,Sri Lanka and Bangladesh

Environmental quality for environmental health has been examined visually by describing general conditions and drinking water supply, sanitation and solid waste treatment conditions and practices in six South-East Asian villages with a dense population. The environmental review was supplemented by discussions with local people and political and administrative decision makers. Some drinking water analyses were done in order to show the water quality to the local people. The quality of the general conditions and the conditions and practices of drinking water supply, excreta disposal and solid waste treatment practices have been graded with the grading system presented below. The grading could be done in 1 or 2 days in each area by two persons, of which one was an environmental scientist and the other a social scientist, who also knew the local culture and worked as a translator.     

基于废弃资源价值创造的循环经济影响因素分析

从废弃资源特点和价值来源出发,分析了废弃资源正负价值来源,建立基于微观经济基础的循环经济分析框架,分析影响循环经济的近因和远因,并根据系统论及自组织理论,对远因进行分类,提出了影响循环经济的主导因素和次要因素等。     

三维点云基础上排土场垮塌影响范围研究

高台阶排土场下游常分布有居民区、厂房等,一旦垮塌,后果严重,因此完善的防治与应急准备工作十分关键,而排土场垮塌影响范围的预测是这些工作的重要前提依据。为提升高台阶排土场垮塌影响范围的预测准确性,需要获取准确的地形边界基础数据。通过利用三维激光扫描仪对新建排土场及其下游地形精细扫描,对获取的三维点云数据去噪、拼接、建模等处理,生成精度更高的数字高程模型与三维实体模型。在此基础上,结合新建高台阶排土场地质勘查与设计资料,建立颗粒离散元数值模型,利用PFC3D计算高台阶排土场垮塌影响范围,并与经验公式法计算结果对比分析,结果表明排土场颗粒离散元数值模型精度符合要求,可快速、准确地计算影响范围,从而为相关部门提供科学决策依据。     

Climate change,adaptation and Eco-Art in Singapore

Eco-Art has recently emerged as a potential means to place emphasis on environmental issues such as climate change, recycling and the metabolism of the city experienced both materially and conceptually within local, regional and global contexts. Such art presents the possibility of shaping civic practices in arenas beyond those of traditional planning domains. Adopting a pragmatic approach, which recognises the contextual pluralism that exists in debates regarding climate change, this paper is interested in how Eco-Art projects encourage the re-imagining of urban spaces within the context of sustainability, and flows of materials and the recycling of plastic in art specifically.