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861.
Baseline levels of PCDD/Fs in soil and herbage samples collected in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia,Spain 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Schuhmacher M Agramunt MC Rodriguez-Larena MC Díaz-ferrero J Domingo JL 《Chemosphere》2002,46(9-10):1343-1350
The construction in Constantí (Catalonia, Spain) of a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), which is the first one in Spain, finished in 1999. In order to determine the temporal variation (1996–1998) in the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the vicinity of the new HWI, 40 soil and 40 herbage samples were collected (1998) at the same sampling points in which samples had been taken two years before (1996). Each sample was analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. In the 1996 survey, PCDD/F concentrations in soils ranged from 0.13 to 24.20 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.), with median and mean values of 0.67 and 1.68 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.), respectively. In the present study, PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 17.20 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.), with a median value of 0.75 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.) and a mean value of 1.59 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.). In turn, in the present study PCDD/F concentrations in vegetation ranged from 0.14 to 2.01 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.) (median and mean values: 0.23 and 0.31 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively), while in the 1996 survey PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.24 to 1.22 ng I-TEQ/kg (d.m.) (median and mean values: 0.53 and 0.61 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively). According to the present (1998) and the previous (1996) levels of PCDD/Fs found in soils and vegetation, the area under potential influence of the new facility shows a rather low contamination by these compounds. The current results should be useful to establish the environmental impact of the HWI. 相似文献
862.
Sorption and diffusivity of iodide and pertechnetate (I- and TcO4-) on MX-80 bentonite with different hexadecylpyridinium (HDPy+) loadings were studied using equilibrium solutions of different ionic strengths. In HDPy(+)-modified bentonite, iodide and pertechnetate ions exhibited increasing sorption (characterized by the distribution ratio, Rd), while Cs+ and Sr2+ showed decreasing sorption with increasing organophilicity. In case of medium-loading levels, the simultaneous sorption of anions (I- and TcO4-) and cations (Cs+ and Sr2+) was observed. Sorption of ions was influenced by the composition of the electrolytes employed. It decreased gradually with increasing ionic strength of the electrolyte solutions. The experiments revealed the general tendency that the diffusivity (Da [cm2.s-1]) for iodide and pertechnetate decreases with increasing organophilicity and increases with increasing ionic strength of the equilibrium solutions, confirming the results of the sorption experiments. Additionally, some mineralogical and chemical investigations, like IR spectral analysis of the organo-bentonite samples and exchange behavior of HDPy+, were performed. On the basis of these analyses, it was concluded that the alkylammonium ions are sorbed as (1) HDPy+ cations, (2) HDPyCl molecules and (3) micelles with decreasing binding intensities in this order. 相似文献
863.
864.
不同部位梧桐生物质炭对水溶液中镉吸附的机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探究梧桐不同部位废弃物所制备的生物质炭(皮、枝、叶)对Cd2+的吸附效率和稳定修复的机理,以此为园林废弃物炭化利用在重金属污染修复方面的应用提供科学依据.利用实验室模拟法,通过高温煅烧法制备梧桐不同部位生物质炭,采用元素分析仪、比表面积及孔隙分析(BET)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜/能谱(SEM/EDS)及衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)等技术研究不同反应时间、重金属浓度和溶液初始pH条件下生物质炭对Cd2+吸附效果的影响,并运用四步萃取法和脱附实验分析生物质炭上Cd2+的吸附形态和稳定性.3种生物质炭都在8 h左右达到吸附平衡,最终吸附量依次为树皮炭>枝条炭>叶片炭;溶液初始浓度为0.5—2 g·L-1时Cd2+的吸附量呈增长趋势,在2.5—3g·L-1时逐渐平缓;生物质炭Cd2+吸附量均随着pH的升高而升高,但在pH值为5—8时,吸附的趋势逐渐平稳;树皮炭的酸溶态和非生物利用态的稳定Cd形态要高于枝条炭和叶片炭;比表面积不是影响梧桐生物质炭吸附Cd2+的主要影响因素,吸附动力学,ATR,XRD和重金属形态萃取均证实Cd碳酸盐类矿物生成是主导吸附机理;3种生物质炭的脱附量在4 h后逐渐趋于平衡,其中脱附量最大为叶片炭,最小为树皮炭.梧桐不同部位的初始性质对生物质炭吸附Cd2+具有明显的影响,其中梧桐皮具备更高的吸附量和重金属稳定形态,并且相比其他种类生物质炭有明显优势.因此,从吸附效果和生产成本的角度,本研究建议以梧桐皮为主,枝条和叶片为辅的生物质炭对重金属Cd进行修复治理. 相似文献
865.
Athiyanam Venkatesan Ramya Manoj Balachandran 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(3):27
866.
Lei Li Shijie Yuan Chen Cai Xiaohu Dai 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(6):74
Methanogenesis is the last step in anaerobic digestion, which is usually a rate-limiting step in the biological treatment of organic waste. The low methanogenesis efficiency (low methane production rate, low methane yield, low methane content) substantially limits the development of anaerobic digestion technology. Traditional pretreatment methods and bio-stimulation strategies have impacts on the entire anaerobic system and cannot directly enhance methanogenesis in a targeted manner, which was defined as “broad-acting” strategies in this perspective. Further, we discussed our opinion of methanogenesis process with insights from the electron transfer system of syntrophic partners and provided potential targeted enhancing strategy for high-efficiency electron transfer system. These “precise-acting” strategies are expected to achieve an efficient methanogenesis process and enhance the bio-energy recovery of organic waste. 相似文献
867.
提出了一种由废旧轮胎组成的拦石结构,该结构用钢丝绳将废旧轮胎进行合理的绑扎,使轮胎与轮胎之间紧密连接,然后将该结构绑扎在用废旧钢轨或钢筋混凝土制作而成的柱子上面.当拦石结构受到落石冲击时,利用废旧轮胎的弹塑性变形吸收冲击能量.为了考察这种由废旧轮胎组成的拦石结构的防护效果,设计了试验模型,采用20 kg的砝码模拟落石,... 相似文献
868.
869.
生活垃圾堆放场和填埋场矿化垃圾中磷的形态及其磷素活化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用修正的Hedley磷素分级方法研究了生活垃圾堆放场和填埋场矿化垃圾中磷的形态分布,同时研究了鸡粪(含磷较高)和稻草(含磷较低)两种典型有机物料对矿化垃圾中不同形态磷的活化效应.结果表明,生活垃圾堆放场和填埋场矿化垃圾中,不同形态磷的含量表现出相似的趋势,仅树脂交换态磷和浓盐酸磷的含量存在明显差异;以氢氧化钠磷和磷灰石型磷构成的中度活性磷均为生活垃圾堆放场和填埋场矿化垃圾中磷的主要赋存形态,分别占各自总磷的78%和74.9%,表明矿化垃圾中磷素具有高效利用的潜能.鸡粪和稻草均能显著活化矿化垃圾中的磷,而且鸡粪的磷活化效果优于稻草;氢氧化钠磷、磷灰石型磷和浓盐酸磷是矿化垃圾中活化磷的主要来源. 相似文献
870.