浅谈生态类--气田水输送管道工程竣工环保验收调查

就生态影响类建设项目中气田水输送管道工程对环境影响的特征进行了分析,对该类竣工环保验收调查的内容、重点进行了探究。     

Dynamics of dust explosions suppression by means of extinguishing powder in various industrial conditions

In industrial conditions, there are different kinds of installations endangered by an explosion of dust–gas mixtures. In order to prevent them from any consequences of potential explosions, active protection systems which use extinguishing powders, as the suppressing material, are more and more widely applied. It often happens that the industrial installations are additionally endangered by an action of mechanical vibrations. In the above-mentioned conditions, the extinguishing powder tends to aggregate, making the process of dispersing it in the protected areas more difficult.

The results of research into optimization of the shape, number of igniters and miniaturization of the explosive charge mass are presented. In case of occurrence of the mechanical vibrations in the installations that cause aggregation of the suppressing powder, the best solution was modification of the perforated combustion chamber located inside the extinguisher. As a result of that, a certain amount of gases generated in the course of combustion of the main charge is directed over the membrane, where the gases crash a layer of aggregated powder. Thus, the process of pushing the powder out from a container towards the dispersing head improves considerably and consequently increases the efficiency of the explosion-suppressing process.     

Development of the vertebrate central nervous system: formation of the neural tube

The developmental process of neurulation involves a series of coordinated morphological events, which result in conversion of the flat neural plate into the neural tube, the primordium of the entire central nervous system (CNS). Failure of neurulation results in neural tube defects (NTDs), severe abnormalities of the CNS, which are among the commonest of congenital malformations in humans. In order to gain insight into the embryological basis of NTDs, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, it is necessary to understand the morphogenetic processes and molecular mechanisms underlying neural tube closure. The mouse is the most extensively studied mammalian experimental model for studies of neurulation, while considerable insight into underlying developmental mechanisms has also arisen from studies in other model systems, particularly birds and amphibians. We describe the process of neural tube formation, discuss the cellular mechanisms involved and highlight recent findings that provide links between molecular signaling pathways and morphogenetic tissue movements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

氨氮测定时应注意的几个问题

纳氏试剂比色法是测定水中氨氮的国家标准方法。标准方法对氨氮的介绍比较详细，测定步骤也较简单，但实际工作中，情况比较复杂，条件较苛刻，实验空白值难以达到要求（A≤0．030），很多具体的因素都干扰影响该方法的灵敏度，也直接影响分析结果的精密度和准确度。根据多年的实际工作经验，将氨氮测定过程中容易出现的问题及注意事项进行了总结。     

上海花园饭店污水处理装置的改进

1 概况 上海花园饭店,污水处理装置的全套设备从日本进口,占地面积约636m~2,采用接触曝气法处理污水。整套设施的主要技术指标包括:纳污量:800m~3/d;进水BOD≤250mg/L;进水SS≤250mg/L;出水BOD≤20mg/L;出水中大肠菌≤3000个/;制作泥饼307kg/d。     

Kinetic study on photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange 52 in a baffled reactor using TiO2 nanoparticles

In this study, a baffled photocatalytic reactor was used for the treatment of colored wastewater containing the azo dye of Acid Orange 52(AO52). A study on the active species of the photocatalytic process using TiO_2 nanoparticles indicated that hydroxyl radical and superoxide have the greatest contribution to the dye degradation process respectively.Given that a level of biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand(BOD5/COD) equal to 0.4 was achieved after about 5 hr from the beginning of the experiment, the reactor seems to be capable of purifying the wastewater containing AO52 dye after this time in order to discharge into a biological treatment system to continue the treatment process.The results of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) test showed that during the first 4 hr of the experiment, with the breakdown of the azo bond, the contaminant was decomposed into the benzene annular compounds with less toxicity indicating a reduction in the toxicity of wastewater after removing the dye agent. The study on the kinetics of these reactions followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model in all conditions and corresponded well to Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. According to the kinetic model for the simultaneous occurrence of possible pathways, the kinetic constant of production and degradation of intermediate products in optimal conditions was estimated to be between 0.0029 and 0.0391 min~(-1).     

Safeguarding Crushing Points by Limitation of Forces

Limitation of forces can be a simple measure to safeguard crushing points at doors, machines, and vehicles. In this connection different standards define a threshold force value of 150 N. This widely accepted value refers to static forces only. The dynamic forces that arise from impact on a person are frequently ignored, although they are generally higher than the static forces.

The article describes an instrument for the measurement of static and dynamic crushing forces. This instrument has a stiffness that approximates the average stiffness of human fingers as one of the most at-risk parts of the human body with regard to crushing injuries. Sensory tests were carried out to define dynamic forces considered admissible at crushing points.     

地震和断裂活动对青藏铁路高原多年冻土区铁路影响分析

青藏铁路是世界上海拔最高的铁路。通过沿线青海及西藏的地震情况和西大滩断裂带、昆仑山垭口断裂以及不冻泉断裂带的多年观测数据和青藏铁路线路的实际穿越段的地质特点,可以看出,青藏铁路格尔木—拉萨段沿线地震活动频繁、断裂大量发育,不同性质、不同类型、不同特点的活动断裂给青藏铁路的工程安全带来不同程度的影响,并产生和诱发不同类型的地质灾害。一旦在铁路下方沿活动断层形成移动冰丘,将导致铁路路基隆起和铁轨变形。断裂运动不仅孕育了地震,还诱发了不均匀冻胀、构造裂缝、移动冰丘等地质灾害,影响线路工程的安全,增加维护费用。笔者着重4方面分析地震断裂活动对青藏铁路的危害性:断裂活动导致路面变形和工程破坏;断裂活动与非均匀冻胀造成路基强烈变形;构造裂缝带及其工程危害;冻土地区的地震和断裂与保护冻土的工程措施产生矛盾,给出了设计和施工中应该考虑的问题并提出从铁路的勘察设计、施工组织、施工过程中采用各种措施将地震以及断裂活动对铁路的损害程度降低到最小。     

基于改进贴近度法的水质监测点优化布设

贴近度法作为一种系统优化方法已被广泛应用于水质监测点优化中,然而此方法存在几方面的问题:一是仅考虑空间因素而未考虑时间因素对区域监测重要性的影响;二是用各指标监测数据平均值进行计算,从而导致聚类效果较差;三是未考虑指标权重对测点优化布设的影响。为此,将层次分析法与贴近度法相结合,提出了基于改进贴近度法的水质监测点优化布设方案。应用此方法对某引水明渠水质监测点进行优化布设,结果表明,改进方法有效提高了聚类效果,易于进行水质监测点的排序与分类。     

活性污泥膨胀上浮的原因分析与对策

污泥膨胀是活性污泥法污水处理的一个难题，尤其在处理高负荷的石化污水中。文章分析了引起污泥膨胀、上浮的主要原因，对引起污泥上浮的因素进行了探讨，提出了控制污泥膨胀、上浮的几种对策。