Advances in research of airborne microbes in subway systems北大核心CSCD

Subway systems are indispensable for transportation in modern cities, with the air being easily polluted by microbes owing to the enclosed and crowded environment. The microbiological characteristics of subway aerosols have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide during recent years. This review aimed to evaluate the sampling and analyzing methods suitable for detecting airborne microbes in subway systems. Active air sampling methods and molecular biology techniques based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and quantitative PCR demonstrated great potential in microbial analysis of aerosols because they can provide accurate and comprehensive information. Temporal and spatial distributions of airborne microbes, as well as the factors influencing their distribution characteristics, were also discussed by critically reviewing worldwide literature on subway microbiome studies. The concentration and composition of airborne bacteria and fungi in subway can vary dramatically with time and space. The critical factors determining microbial community structure and composition include temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, number of passengers, presence of platform screen door, ventilation systems, and so on. The review suggests that future studies on standardized sampling and analyzing protocols are required to obtain contamination levels of subway airborne microbes and to establish the relationship between microbial monitoring data and public health risks. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

活性染料K-2BP在环境水体中的光解效应

研究了活性染料K－2BP在TiO2存在下的光催化氧化分解。结果表明,影响光解过程的主要因素是染料浓度、催化剂TiO2的用量和pH。实验条件下,染料样液脱色率可达90％以上,将该法用于实际印染废水的处理,光照6h,脱色率可达70％以上。     

防毒面具用活性炭的结构与特性研究

从研究活性炭所具有的孔隙结构出发,重点探讨防毒面具用活性炭的结构与防护性能的关系,明确了不同结构特性的活性炭对不同类型有毒气体防护机理与性能的差异,为科学选择防毒面具用活性炭提供了重要依据。文章还对体现活性炭孔隙结构的主要指标——孔容积的计算方法进行了探讨。     

SBR生化法在制革废水处理中的应用

结合实际工程经验,比较了几种常用的生化法在制革废水治理中的应用,对运用SBR生化法处理制革废水的工艺设计、运行管理进行了探讨,表明SBR生化法治理制革废水具有耐冲击性能佳,操作运行管理方便,建设成本和运行费用较低等优点。     

活性炭对水中重金属离子去除效果的研究

通过静态吸附试验和吸附热力学与吸附机理探讨,表明pH值和活性炭投加量是影响活性炭从水中吸附重金属的主要因素,吸附容量随pH值增大而增大,但却随着吸附剂投加量的增加而减少;吸附规律可用Freundlich模式和Lang muir模式很好的模拟,重金属的吸附能力大小是Fe3 + >Cu2 + >Ni2 +     

A Water Quality Monitoring Network Design Methodology for the Selection of Critical Sampling Points: Part I

The principal instrument to temporally and spatially manage water resources is a water quality monitoring network. However, to date in most cases, there is a clear absence of a concise strategy or methodology for designing monitoring networks, especially when deciding upon the placement of sampling stations. Since water quality monitoring networks can be quite costly, it is very important to properly design the monitoring network so that maximum information extraction can be accomplished, which in turn is vital when informing decision-makers. This paper presents the development of a methodology for identifying the critical sampling locations within a watershed. Hence, it embodies the spatial component in the design of a water quality monitoring network by designating the critical stream locations that should ideally be sampled. For illustration purposes, the methodology focuses on a single contaminant, namely total phosphorus, and is applicable to small, upland, predominantly agricultural-forested watersheds. It takes a number of hydrologic, topographic, soils, vegetative, and land use factors into account. In addition, it includes an economic as well as logistical component in order to approximate the number of sampling points required for a given budget and to only consider the logistically accessible stream reaches in the analysis, respectively. The methodology utilizes a geographic information system (GIS), hydrologic simulation model, and fuzzy logic.     

Variation in behavioral and hormonal responses of adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lophocebus albigena</Emphasis>) to crowned eagles (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Stephanoaetus coronatus</Emphasis>) in Kibale National Park,Uganda

Intensive study of arboreal forest-dwelling primates and their predators in Africa is increasingly revealing that crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) are major predators of primates. Gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) are overrepresented in the diets of crowned eagles in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and adult male mangabeys are represented more than females. We focused on the behavior of adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys living in social groups in Kibale National Park (1) to clarify the interactions between mangabeys and eagles that might put adult males at greater risk and (2) to better understand individual variation in behavioral responses to predators. Adult male mangabeys in five groups responded to observer-confirmed presence of crowned eagles 88 times over a 13-month period. While all males gave alarm calls, only the highest-ranking male in each of four groups chased eagles. These males had elevated levels of fecal cortisol metabolites in the days immediately after they engaged in active defense, suggesting that they perceived such behavior as risky. In the one group where male ranks were unstable and there were no infants, no male was observed to chase eagles. We suggest that males pursue the dangerous tactic of chasing eagles only when they are likely to have offspring in the group. Males in larger groups also spent less time alarm calling to crowned eagles (from first to last call in a group), and our observations confirmed that the duration of their alarm calls was related to eagle presence. Thus, eagles spent less time around larger mangabey groups. Alarm calling by adult male mangabeys may signal to this ambush predator that it has been detected and should move on.     

生化处理在高盐度皂化废水中的应用

报道了活性的污泥法在处理环氧丙烷生产过程中产生的高盐度皂化废水的成功应用,为同类化工厂处理高盐度皂化废水提供了宝贵的经验。     

输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收相关要点分析

通过输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收工作的实践,从输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收的基本概念和相关法律、法规出发,分析了输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收工作的要点,包括敏感目标调查、生态环境影响评价与监测、声环境评价重点、公众参与等,在此基础上论述了两者之间的相互关系,最后针对输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收工作更加科学化提出了建议。     

Bioavailability of particulate metal to zebra mussels: biodynamic modelling shows that assimilation efficiencies are site-specific

This study investigates the ability of the biodynamic model to predict the trophic bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in a freshwater bivalve. Zebra mussels were transplanted to three sites along the Seine River (France) and collected monthly for 11 months. Measurements of the metal body burdens in mussels were compared with the predictions from the biodynamic model. The exchangeable fraction of metal particles did not account for the bioavailability of particulate metals, since it did not capture the differences between sites. The assimilation efficiency (AE) parameter is necessary to take into account biotic factors influencing particulate metal bioavailability. The biodynamic model, applied with AEs from the literature, overestimated the measured concentrations in zebra mussels, the extent of overestimation being site-specific. Therefore, an original methodology was proposed for in situ AE measurements for each site and metal.