Researchers’ Experiences, Positive and Negative, in Integrative Landscape Projects

Integrative (interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) landscape research projects are becoming increasingly common. As a result, researchers are spending a larger proportion of their professional careers doing integrative work, participating in shifting interdisciplinary teams, and cooperating directly with non-academic participants. Despite the growing importance of integrative research, few studies have investigated researchers’ experiences in these projects. How do researchers perceive the outcomes of integrative projects, or career effects? Do they view the projects generally as successes or failures? This study analyses researchers’ experiences in integrative landscape studies and investigates what factors shape these experiences. The data stems from 19 semi-structured qualitative interviews and a Web-based survey among 207 participants in integrative landscape research projects. It finds that researchers experience participation in integrative projects as positive, in particular discussions among participants, networking, teamwork, and gaining new insights and skills. Furthermore, most researchers perceive the projects as successful and as having a positive effect on their careers. Less positive aspects of integration relate to publications and merit points. Factors found to contribute to positive experiences include reaching a high degree of integration amongst the involved disciplines, common definitions of integrative research concepts, and projects that include a large share of fundamental research as well as projects with many project outcomes. Based on these findings, we advise future projects to plan for integration, facilitate discussions, and reach agreement on integrative concepts. We suggest that aspects of fundamental research be included in integrative projects. We also suggest that planning be done at an early stage for peer-reviewed publications, to ensure that participants gain merit points from their participation in integrative research efforts.     

应用综合分析法优化大气环境监测布点

尝试应用聚类分析法距离-密切度优化楚雄市老建成区的大气环境监测布点,通过大气功能区划分,以及气象、空间等综合分析,提出新建城区大气环境监测布点, 在不增     

Could the relief of myofascial and/or low back pain by magnetic fields be explained by their action on trigger points

It is well recognized that a trigger point is a functional, rather than an anatomical, entity. It is known that a significant fraction of both acute and chronic pain experience is myofascial in nature. This paper is aimed to discuss the potential of using permanent magnets placed over the trigger points, which are associated with that referred pain, to be a tool for pain relief. This approach is even more important in patients with various disabilities and experiencing chronic sacro-iliac and/or low back pain. It appears that the trigger points represent a plausible physiological/tissue “window” and/or pathways, which allow the magnetic fields to penetrate through physiological barriers, and thus returning injured tissues to the homeostatic state. These “tissue windows” represent physiological “entrance points” for eventual exogenous stimulations, mainly physical by nature, to enter the body. There is evidence that the application of magnetic fields (via permanent magnets) on trigger points is more effective for pain relief as compared to application to other body surface area. The systemic effects at which the results are manifested at sites distant from application area is also considered when discussing effects of magnetic fields applied on trigger points. Ion transport is considered as central to the integrity and proper functioning of nerve excitability and muscle contraction. Any disruption of their normal function would directly and markedly affect human neurosensory and neuromotor performance. Biophysical phenomena associated with modification of ion transport are in the range of weak stimuli. Therefore, electrophysiological changes in the functions of the so-called ion channels, are among the more (perhaps the most) sensitive indicators to detect and quantify physiological effects of electromagnetic fields.     

米诺效应中的多事故点协同作用后果研究

为了研究多米诺效应中多事故点协同作用的后果,将并联系统概率模型运用到贝叶斯概率计算过程中,体现出多事故点协同作用对多米 诺效应传播的概率影响;后果分析部分从人、物、环境3个方面出发,对事故的后果影响以及事故预防提出建议措施。最后运用模型对实例进行 了应用分析,结果表明:多事故点协同作用下储罐的多米诺失效概率增大,罐区危险性增强,可以通过对储罐设置安全屏障等措施,有效的切 断导致事故最大概率的链条。     

A new coal pillars design method in order to enhance safety of the retreat mining in room and pillar mines

Most of the proposed methods for coal pillar design determine pillar dimensions using pillar load estimation only through the tributary area theory. Designing pillar based on these methods is not appropriate in room and pillar mines with pillar recovery because retreat mining and gob creation generate abutment loads. Neglecting abutment loads in design stage may lead to pillar failure and destructive effects during retreat mining. Thus proper pillar design has a remarkable effect on mining safety. In this paper, a step-by-step method is presented to design pillars with square shape in room and pillar mines with regard to existing pillars in the active mining zone (AMZ) and estimating abutment loads according to experimental equations. A decrease in pillar failure risk during retreat mining is the most significant benefit of this method. This method has been applied to determine optimum pillar dimensions in the main panel of Tabas Central Mine (TCM), located in the mid-eastern part of Iran. Obtained results show the abutment loads account for 27% of the total loads applied on pillars in AMZ in this panel. Pillar width, based on this method, is also obtained 11.6 m.     

变光焊接护目镜光电响应特性研究

为促进变光焊接护目镜新技术新产品的应用和发展 ,为制定该产品专业标准提供依据 ,通过对焊接弧光特性、可见光特性、焊工盲目引弧过程、焊工闪光盲、变光护目镜响应时间和保持时间等的分析和研究 ,提出了变光焊接护目镜响应时间和保持时间应该根据焊工引弧时眼睛最大允许照射量和允许闪光盲时间来确定 ,并进一步提出了变光焊接护目镜响应时间和保持时间的定义、指标值 ,以及测试系统设计要求     

活性艳红水溶液的光助还原脱色反应机理研究

基于紫外辐照/硼氢化钾/亚硫酸氢钠(UV/KBH4/NaHSO)3体系下对活性艳红X-3B进行还原脱色反应,重点探讨了该体系下还原降解活性艳红X-3B的反应机理,考察了硼氢化钾和亚硫酸氢钠的摩尔比(B/S)、辐射光强对其反应机理的影响。结果发现,UV/KBH4/NaHSO3处理染液具有明显协同作用,初步推测光助硼氢化钾和亚硫酸氢钠还原活性艳红X-3B的脱色反应是SO2-参与的自由基反应;脱色反应的B/S最佳摩尔比为1:30;增加辐射光的强度对染液的还原脱色反应过程具有明显的促进作用。     

铜冶炼企业现场环境监察技术要点分析

针对以铜精矿为原料的铜冶炼企业现状,按照现场监察程序和方法,提出了备料区、熔炼区、电解区、制酸区等4个主要区域各产污环节的现场环境监察技术要点,重点监察重金属,SO2与烟粉尘的达标排放,危险固废安全处置及环境风险应急预案与应急措施到位情况,为环境监察工作提供技术指南。     

通过速度调整解决城际铁路环境噪声研究

近几年来,随着我国高速铁路技术的迅猛发展,城际铁路的建设也在相继展开。由于城际高速铁路的线路分布在城区及市郊,所以,在为旅客带来快速服务的同时,沿线部分地点也会不同程度地出现噪声超标、电磁干扰等环境问题。针对其中的噪声问题,利用降速减噪的方法,综合考虑时间效益、社会效益与环境效益,在最小程度的影响列车运行时间的前提下调整列车运行速度,满足噪声指标要求。最后,通过实例分析,探讨利用速度调整措施解决噪声超标问题的适用性。     

考虑移动医院的因灾受损血液供应链网络重构

为快速恢复因灾受损的血液供应链的救援能力,针对血液这一重要医疗物资,研究考虑移动医院的应急供应链重构。设计包含移动医院和临时献血点选址、血液外调与自采和血液与伤员转运的混合整数规划模型,并以红细胞为例,将模型应用于我国龙门山地震带的灾害救治案例中。结果表明:重构的供应链能够综合运用移动医院等资源,快速恢复血液救援能力,最大程度缓解灾害影响。即便是在灾情最严重的情况下,缺血量可减少12.95%。管理者在进行人道主义应急救援决策时,应综合考虑移动医院等医疗资源的有效利用。