不溶性腐殖酸对六价铬离子的吸附研究

研究了不溶性腐殖酸（IHA）对六价铬（Cr（Ⅵ））的吸附作用及反应接触时间、pH、IHA投加量、温度等对吸附作用的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。实验表明,在反应接触时间60min、酸性pH7左右的水溶液条件下,IHA对Cr（Ⅵ）去除率可达98%。绘制了IHA对Cr（Ⅵ）的反应动力学曲线和吸附等温线。     

铝改性粉煤灰漂珠材料吸附水中氟的性能研究

采用湿法+干法制备铝改性漂珠材料,借助静态吸附实验研究吸附剂用量、pH值、共存离子、反应时间和反应温度对去除水溶液中氟离子性能的影响,并对实验数据进行吸附等温线和动力学拟合。结果表明:铝改性漂珠材料吸附水中氟离子的最佳pH值为3;最佳吸附剂用量2.5 g/L;共存离子影响由强到弱的顺序为H2PO4-,SO42-和NO3-的混合物﹥H2PO4-﹥SO42-﹥NO3-;在温度298 K、吸附剂用量2.5 g/L、pH值为3和反应时间24 h的条件下,最大吸附容量约10.2 mg/g;吸附等温线符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

铬、砷离子吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能的研究

通过对沸石的改性,在沸石表面形成了一层纳米态的二氧化锰,而纳米态的二氧化锰及沸石都对水中重金属有强烈的吸附性能,从而达到对铬、砷离子的吸附作用。通过沸石与二氧化锰的配比、吸附溶液的pH值、吸附时间、改性沸石的用量对其去除效果的影响,探讨了吸附作用机理。通过吸附测定,改性沸石的最佳配比沸石：MnO2为2：1;改性沸石对As（III）的最佳吸附pH和时间为5.0和30 min;对Cr（VI）的最佳吸附pH和时间为7.0和30 min的条件下吸附效果最佳。     

离子交换树脂法高效提取水中硝酸盐研究

硝酸盐是水体中重要的污染物之一,硝酸盐中的稳定氮氧同位素组成可用于有效识别其污染来源,而水体中硝酸盐的高效提取是其氮氧同位素测试的前提和关键步骤。阴离子树脂交换法提取硝酸盐是目前普遍采用的方法,但对于提取效率的影响因素还缺乏深入研究。文章通过室内实验,探讨了国产717型阴离子树脂对硝酸盐的吸附效率,以及不同洗脱剂的洗脱效率,系统研究了水体中硝酸盐高效提取过程影响因素。结果表明:12.56 mL体积的国产717型树脂对NO3-的吸附量高达200 mg以上;40 mL 4 mol/L的KCl溶液对4 cm长的吸附树脂柱(直径2 cm)的洗脱效率可达95%以上;SO42-的对NO3-的吸附和洗脱具有显著的影响。     

Adsorption of herring sperm DNA onto pine sawdust biochar: Thermodynamics and site energy distribution

● Adsorption of environmental deoxyribonucleic acid on biochar was studied. ● π−π interaction and electrostatic repulsion worked in the adsorption. ● Thermodynamics indicated the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA), which includes antibiotic resistance genes, is ubiquitous in the environment. The interactions between eDNA and biochar, a promising material widely used in soil amendment and water treatment, greatly affect the environmental behavior of eDNA. Hitherto few experimental evidences are available yet, especially on the information of thermodynamics and energy distribution to explains the interactions between biochar and eDNA. This study investigated the adsorption of herring sperm DNA (hsDNA) on pine sawdust biochar, with a specific emphasis on the adsorption thermodynamics and site energy distribution. The adsorption of hsDNA on biochar was enhanced by an increase in the pyrolysis and adsorption temperatures. The higher surface area, stronger π−π interaction, and weaker electrostatic repulsion between hsDNA and biochars prepared at high pyrolysis temperatures facilitated the adsorption of hsDNA. The thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption of hsDNA on biochar was spontaneous and endothermic. Therefore, higher temperature was beneficial for the adsorption of hsDNA on biochar; this was well explained by the increase in E^* and F(E^*) with the adsorption temperature. These results are useful for evaluating the migration and transformation of eDNA in the presence of biochar.     

Effective and selective separation of perrhenate from acidic wastewater by super-stable,superhydrophobic, and recyclable biosorbent

• A ZnO-biochar hybrid composite was prepared by solvothermal-pyrolysis synthesis. • The superhydrophobic composite is suitable for selective recovery of Re(VII). • The adsorption mechanism is elucidated by experiments and material characterization. The recovery of scattered metal ions such as perrhenate (Re(VII)) from industrial effluents has enormous economic benefits and promotes resource reuse. Nanoscale-metal/biochar hybrid biosorbents are attractive for recovery but are limited by their insufficient stability and low selectivity in harsh environments. Herein, a superstable biochar-based biosorbent composed of ZnO nanoparticles with remarkable superhydrophobic features is fabricated, and its adsorption/desorption capabilities toward Re(VII) in strongly acidic aqueous solutions are investigated. The ZnO nanoparticle/biochar hybrid composite (ZBC) exhibits strong acid resistance and high chemical stability, which are attributable to strong C-O-Zn interactions between the biochar and ZnO nanoparticles. Due to the advantages of its hydrolytic stability, superhydrophobicity, and abundance of Zn-O sites, the ZBC proves suitable for the effective and selective separation of Re(VII) from single, binary and multiple ion systems (pH= 1), with a maximum sorption capacity of 29.41 mg/g. More importantly, this material also shows good recyclability and reusability, with high adsorption efficiency after six adsorption-desorption cycles. The findings in this work demonstrate that a metal/biochar hybrid composite is a promising sorbent for Re(VII) separation.     

碳纳米管影响无机砷(As(III)和As(V))对大型蚤毒性的研究：特定砷形态的作用

作为一种新兴的纳米材料,羟基多壁碳纳米管(OH-MWCNTs)可能与其他污染物在水环境中共存,并进一步影响它们的毒性、输移和归趋。因此,评价碳纳米管存在下砷的毒性变化需要得到更多的关注。该试验探索了在不同pH值条件下,OH-MWCNTs诱导砷(As(III)和As(V))对水生生物大型蚤的毒性变化的潜在机制。发现了H₂AsO₃^-和H₂AsO₄^-是对大型蚤毒性最大的As(III)和As(V)。比较As(III)和As(V)的结果,发现pH值是影响砷毒性最重要的因素。此外,OH-MWCNTs影响砷对大型蚤毒性的结果表明,OH-MWCNTs的存在可以提高砷的毒性。通过吸附实验进一步研究了砷与OH-MWCNTs的相互作用。OH-MWCNTs 对As(V)吸附容量高于As(III)。总而言之, OH-MWCNTs对某些形态砷的吸附是解释砷毒性增强的可靠证据。
精选自Xinghao Wang, Ruijuan Qu, Ahmed A. Allam, Jamaan Ajarem, Zhongbo Wei, Zuoyao Wang. Impact of carbon nanotubes on the toxicity of inorganic arsenic [As(III) and As(V)] to Daphnia magna: the role of the certain arsenic species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 35, Issue 7, pages 1852–1859, July 2016. DOI: 10.1002/etc.3340
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3340/full
     

Heavy-metal adsorption by non-living biomass

The adsorption of some heavy metals onto the walls of harvested, washed, and dried non-living biomass cells of different Pseudomonas strains was studied at optimum experimental conditions using a simplified single component system. The Langmuir adsorption model was found to be a suitable approach to describe the system via multi-step processes. Isotherms measured at 30.0°C and pH 5.5 with [M]_total?=?10–100 mM for tight, reversible Cr⁶⁺(aq), Ni²⁺(aq), Cu²⁺(aq) and Cd²⁺(aq) binding by the cell walls of the investigated biomass fit the Langmuir model and give the pH-independent stoichiometric site capacities ν _i and equilibrium constants K _i for metal binding at specific biomass sites i?=?A, B, C, and D. Tight binding sites A, B, and D of the non-living biomass are occupied by Cr^VI, sites A and C by Ni^II, sites A and D by Cd^II, and only site B by Cu^II. It is concluded that ν _i is a stoichiometric parameter that is independent of the magnitude of K _i for binding site i and that the studied heavy metals selectively and tightly bind at different biomass sites.     

Boron removal from produced water using electrocoagulation

Produced water is the largest wastestream of oil and gas exploration but its chemical composition hinders its beneficial use. Effective treatment and reuse of produced water can mitigate scarcity of fresh water, especially in arid areas. Presence of inorganic compounds such as boron in produced water renders its beneficial use difficult. In this study, boron removal from produced water was investigated. Synthetic wastewater was prepared simulating the range of boron concentrations in produced water. Four operating parameters pH (3–11), charge loading (1200–3600 Ah/m³), contact time (15–90 min) and concentration (10–30 mg/L) were selected and their optimum conditions investigated. The obtained optimum conditions were applied to treat real produced water. Residual boron concentration of 0.3 mg/L was obtained from initial boron concentration of 15 mg/L in real produced water at optimum conditions of pH 7, charge loading 2400 Ah/m³ and contact time 90 min. Boron adsorption could be represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Electrocoagulation can be used for the effective removal of boron from produced water.     

改性腐殖酸对铀的吸附的试验研究

通过静态吸附实验,探讨了改性HA对U(Ⅵ)吸附影响。考查pH值、时间、U(Ⅵ)的初始浓度和温度等对吸附的影响。结果表明:pH值对改性腐殖酸的吸附效果影响较大,改性腐殖酸吸附U(Ⅵ)的最佳pH值为6,最大去除率为99.37%,吸附在60 min内基本达到平衡。UO22+在改性腐殖酸上的吸附是放热过程,符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,相关系数达0.99以上,表明IHA对铀的吸附是以表面为主要吸附位,并不是均匀的单层吸附。图8,参9.