常州城区秋冬季黑炭气溶胶的浓度变化特征

根据常州市2012年9月-2013年1月的黑炭气溶胶（Black Carbon,以下简称BC）在线监测数据及常规气象资料,分析了BC在秋冬季不同时间段的变化特征及气象要素对BC的影响。结果表明,常州秋冬季BC平均值为5．17（1．48～17．02）μg／m^3,主要集中在1．00斗μg／m^3～7．50μg／m^3,冬季较高于秋季,小时均值最大值达33．87μg／m^3;BC本底值为3．50μg／m^3;1月份BC日均值变化幅度最大,发生高污染的频率最高。Bc的日变化具有明显的双峰结构,一天中最大浓度多出现在上午06：00-09：00,特殊天气条件下,BC小时值存在不同的分布情况;BC在不同风向的输送条件下有明显的不同,偏东北方向过来的气团易造成BC高污染。     

京津冀一次空气重污染过程激光雷达走航观测分析

针对2016年国庆期间一次污染消散过程,开展了激光雷达定点与走航观测,并综合运用中国环境监测总站国家预报平台数值模型预报结果和国控站点PM_(2.5)监测数据,对污染团的移动和分布进行了分析。结果表明,雷达定点观测的消光系数突变,主要由北京西部累积污染团在夜间弱西北气流作用下的回流所引起。受此西北气流影响移出北京的污染气团在天津至沧州一带滞留。北京至保定沿线颗粒物污染消散现象,被雷达走航观测所捕捉。     

无人机载核辐射监测及气溶胶采样系统试验分析

利用旋翼式无人机平台挂载机载式γ谱仪、气溶胶采样器及相关监控设备,在稳定风场下开阔平坦场地,对特征金属颗粒物随炸药爆炸后形成的气溶胶进行空中烟云跟踪取样及巡测,测量环境核辐射水平。结果表明,通过8次爆炸物气溶胶跟踪采样,以及放射性点源探测试验,证实旋翼式无人机空中气溶胶取样及对辐射测量的可行性。     

无锡市MODIS气溶胶光学厚度与PM_(2.5)质量浓度的相关性分析

将MODIS数据反演得出的气溶胶光学厚度与无锡市区实测得到的PM2.5质量浓度进行相关性分析,结果两者的直接相关性较低,相关系数为0.283 4。气溶胶光学厚度经垂直分布和湿度修正后,两者相关性显著提高,相关系数为0.565 9。虽然修正过程存在误差,相关性未达预期程度,但该方法得到的气溶胶光学厚度可作为PM2.5监测的有效补充。     

基于MODIS的华东地区气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征分析

选用2001年1月-2015年12月MODIS数据,运用线性趋势等方法研究华东地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明,2001-2015年华东地区AOD平均值变化范围在0.4~0.7之间,且呈现递减趋势。山东省西部、安徽省北部及江苏省AOD相对较高;福建省、浙江省南部及江西省南部地区AOD较低。华东地区气溶胶最低值出现在12月,最高值出现在6月;虽然冬季AOD变化趋势增长较高,但最高值仍出现在夏季。AOD主要受地形、NDVI、风速及人类活动等因素的影响,地形、NDVI、风速均与AOD呈负相关。     

日本核泄漏期间南京地区空气中放射性气溶胶的监测和评价

在日本“3.11”大地震核泄漏期间,对南京地区空气中气溶胶开展了超大流量快速采样,利用高纯锗γ谱仪对采集到的气溶胶样品进行放射性核素识别和浓度分析.监测结果表明,气溶胶取样中存在极微量的人工放射性核素131 I,137Cs和134Cs,初步确认其来自日本福岛核事故.经分析,气溶胶中的人工放射性核素不会对环境和公众健康造...     

京津冀地区一次浮尘过程的车载激光雷达走航观测

利用双波长三通道激光雷达与车载激光雷达,针对2018年3月28日京津冀区域的浮尘天气过程,分别进行了定点垂直观测与车载走航观测,对这次浮尘天气中沙尘的源地、沙尘气溶胶的时空分布、沙尘的传输路径与传输方式进行了综合分析。位于北京的激光雷达监测到28日凌晨开始,沙尘气溶胶与近地面污染物混合,受沙尘影响近地面污染物浓度迅速升高。北京到沧州的车载激光雷达走航观测结果显示,沙尘气溶胶先向南传输到京津冀南部区域,随后向西南方向传输,同时观测到京津冀区域上空1. 5 km左右存在沙尘传输带。结果表明,使用车载激光雷达走航观测,结合定点垂直激光雷达与其他地面监测数据,能可靠地观测到沙尘过程中颗粒物的时空变化特征。     

激光雷达在湖北大气环境监测中的应用

介绍了激光雷达通过垂直扫描、水平扫描和车载走航等方法在湖北大气环境监测中的应用实例。利用地基激光雷达并结合星载激光雷达监测一次沙尘传输过程,沙尘传输高度为500~4 000 m之间,且出现3次尘降,地面PM₁₀出现3次峰值。利用激光雷达探测大气边界层高度,颗粒物浓度受边界层高度影响,当边界层高度降到500 m以下时,PM_2.5浓度达到120 μg/m³,边界层高度上升到1 500 m以上时,PM_2.5浓度降到30 μg/m³以下。利用激光雷达水平扫描技术,对襄阳市高新区污染物的影响进行溯源,监测得出颗粒物浓度上升的主要原因为地面扬尘。利用激光雷达车载走航监测技术,监测黄冈市颗粒物空间分布特征,在不同区域监测到2处污染扩散带,分别位于工业区与生活区。     

Aerosol characterization in a city in central China plain and implications for emission control

Extensive studies on aerosol chemistry have been carried out in megacities in China, however, aerosol characterization in Central China Plain (CCP) is limited. Here we conducted real-time measurements of fine particle composition with a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor in Kaifeng, Henan province in October 2019. Our results showed that nitrate and organics constituted the major fraction of non-refractory PM_2.5 for the entire study, on average accounting for 34% and 33%, respectively. However, aerosol composition was substantially different among four periods due to different meteorological conditions and chemical processing. For instance, nitrate presented the lowest contribution during the first period due to evaporative loss associated with high temperature (T), and then rapidly increased during polluted periods as a function of relative humidity (RH). Positive matrix factorization analysis showed the dominance of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in OA, and also the changes in OA composition under different T and RH levels. In addition, this study is unique with two periods of local emission controls. Back trajectory and coefficient of divergence analysis showed that air pollution in CCP was overall homogeneously distributed. As a result, the effectiveness of local emission controls in this region was strongly affected by meteorological conditions and regional transport. We found that one of the periods with emission control even showed the highest concentrations for the entire study. Our results point towards the limited effect of local emission controls in mitigating air pollution in CCP, and highlight the importance of joint emission controls under unfavorable meteorological conditions.     

Study of aerosol characteristics and sources using MAX-DOAS measurement during haze at an urban site in the Fenwei Plain

Atmospheric aerosols have effects on atmospheric radiation assessments, global climate change, local air quality and visibility. In particular, aerosols are more likely transformed and accumulated in winter. In this paper, we used the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument to study the characteristics of aerosol type and contributions of PM_2.5 chemical components to aerosol extinction (AE), vertical distribution of aerosols, and source. From December 30, 2018 to January 27, 2019, we conducted MAX-DOAS observations on Sanmenxia. The proportion of PM_2.5 to PM₁₀ was 69.48%–95.39%, indicating that the aerosol particles were mainly fine particles. By analyzing the ion data and modifying Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) method, we found that nitrate was the largest contributor to AE, accounting for 31.51%, 28.98%, and 27.95% of AE on heavily polluted, polluted, and clean days, respectively. NH₄⁺, OC, and SO₄^2? were also major contributors to AE. The near-surface aerosol extinction retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurement the PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations measured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) have the same trend in vertical distribution. AE increased about 3 times from surface to 500 m. With the backward trajectory of the air mass during the haze, we also found that the continuous heavy pollution was mainly caused by transport of polluted air from the northeast, then followed by local industrial emissions and other sources of emissions under continuous and steady weather conditions.