Long-term impacts of graphene oxide and Ag nanoparticles on anammox process: Performance, microbial community and toxic mechanism

The increasing application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has posed an emerging challenge to constructed wetland wastewater treatment. The performance, microbial community and toxic mechanism of anammox-based unplanted subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (USFCWs) were investigated under the long-term exposure of different graphene oxides (GOs) and Ag NP concentrations. Results showed that the addition of GO could promote TN removal, manifesting as function anammox bacteria C. Anammoxoglobus having a relative high abundance, for GO did not cause significant damage to the cell integrity though there was an increase in ROS concentrations. TN removal would not be obviously affected under exposure of 1?mg/L Ag NPs, for the function gene related to cell biogenesis and repair was up-regulated; while the addition of 10?mg/L Ag NPs would have an inhibiting effect on TN removal in the USFCWs, for the disappearance of some species having anammox ability. Key enzymes of anammox process (NIR and HDH) decreased to some extent under GO and Ag NP exposure, and function gene of defense mechanisms had an increase trend in samples.     

酿酒酵母与Ag+的相互作用机制研究

为探讨酿酒酵母与Ag+的相互作用机制,分析了酵母吸附Ag+过程中细胞阳离子的释放状况,并利用红外光谱(FTIR)、带能谱仪的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)、带能谱仪的透射电镜(TEM.EDx)等手段表征了酵母细胞在吸附Ag+前后表面官能团的变化以及Ag+在酵母细胞中的存在位置和状态.结果表明,酵母细胞吸附Ag+伴随着大量细胞阳离子K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+的释放.Ag+的存在会抑制体系pH值增加,并促进Mg2+、Ca2+的释放.与Ag+的吸附类似,K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+的释放也很快,并且符合准二级动力学方程.酵母对Ag+的吸附,可被认为是离子交换机制和共价结合机制共同发挥作用FTIR证明酵母表面羧基对Ag+的吸附发挥重要作用.电镜分析结果表明,酵母细胞表面不仅吸附了Ag+,同时产牛更高浓度的含Ag沉淀物,使Ag+从溶液中去除,这些含Ag沉淀不均匀地分布于细胞表面,含Ag沉淀的性质以及形成过程还需要借助其他分析手段进行进一步确认.     

Ag掺杂改性TiO_2催化降解水体中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

邻苯二甲酸酯是环境中普遍存在的有机污染物(内分泌干扰物)之一。通过湿式机械混合法制备Ag掺杂改性TiO2催化剂。光催化降解实验的结果表明Ag掺杂浓度为1×10-4mol/g,焙烧温度为400℃下所得的催化剂活性较好。对降解体系的研究表明,当催化剂的投加量为0.1~0.3 g/L、pH=5~8时降解效率较高(62.0%)。相对于催化剂的降解过程而言,其吸附作用是比较小的,而是以光催化反应为主。并利用荧光光谱对催化剂的性能进行了初步表征。     

Biodynamic modelling and the prediction of accumulated trace metal concentrations in the polychaete Arenicola marina

The use of biodynamic models to understand metal uptake directly from sediments by deposit-feeding organisms still represents a special challenge. In this study, accumulated concentrations of Cd, Zn and Ag predicted by biodynamic modelling in the lugworm Arenicola marina have been compared to measured concentrations in field populations in several UK estuaries. The biodynamic model predicted accumulated field Cd concentrations remarkably accurately, and predicted bioaccumulated Ag concentrations were in the range of those measured in lugworms collected from the field. For Zn the model showed less but still good comparability, accurately predicting Zn bioaccumulation in A. marina at high sediment concentrations but underestimating accumulated Zn in the worms from sites with low and intermediate levels of Zn sediment contamination. Therefore, it appears that the physiological parameters experimentally derived for A. marina are applicable to the conditions encountered in these environments and that the assumptions made in the model are plausible.     

南京平山头铁锰帽型银(金)矿床地质特征

平山头铁锰帽型银(金)矿床位于南京栖霞山铅锌多金属矿的氧化带内，矿床特征可与长江中下游“五通组之上层状硫化物矿床的氧化铁帽”相对比。银、金矿体赋存于纵向断裂F2破碎带内，削面上可分为氧化带、混合带和原生带。银主要以硫酸盐矿物及类质同象形式存在，少量呈独立矿物辉银矿和自然银；金以显微一超显微吸附状微粒自然金存在。银与Mn、Ba、S相关．金除与As、Si有一定相关性外，一般与其它元素的相关性差。银、金表生成矿作用过程即是原生硫化物中的银、金经氧化、迁移、重新沉淀聚集的过程，银的沉淀是在SO4^2-、Fe^3 等氧化剂和H2S、Cl^-、Fe^2 、Mn^2 等还原剂作用下完成的；金主要以AuCl^2-、Au(SO4)2^3-等络合物形式迁移，并在Fe^2 、H2S等还原剂作用下沉淀。     

Three industries and wastewater and COD discharge of Beijing

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金属矿床的卤素元素异常及其形成机理——以粤西茶洞银金矿床为例

金属矿床中卤素元素参与了金属元素的活化、迁移到沉淀成矿的全过程。然而 ,除F能作为萤石和云母类矿物的组成部分有时富集于矿石中外 ,Cl、Br、I很难在矿石中富集。在成矿过程中尤其在成矿的后期 ,它们能在矿体上部形成范围较广的卤素扩散晕。在茶洞矿床 ,这种上部扩散晕范围可达 2 0 0m。其中以I扩散范围最大 ,Br扩散晕在距矿体 5 0m～ 130m的范围内最明显 ,Cl扩散晕在距矿体 30m～ 110m范围内最明显。卤素元素的这种变化特点 ,一方面可用来解释成矿热液的演化过程 ,另一方面可用来作为勘查深部隐伏矿体的地球化学标志。成矿流体中卤素元素与金属元素的配合物随着成矿条件的改变而不断被破坏 ,金属元素作为硫化物等矿物的组成部分沉淀下来 ,随着热液蚀变的发生和进行 ,部分卤素元素被带入蚀变带 ,大部分仍残留在流体相 ,在成矿的后期 ,和残余热液一道 ,以排泄和渗透等方式 ,在矿体上方或残余热液流经的途中形成大范围的异常     

小麦对纳米银的吸收及毒性响应

以纳米银（AgNPs）为研究对象,Ag⁺（AgNO₃）为对照,通过添加半胱氨酸（L-cysteine）探讨小麦对AgNPs的吸收累积和毒性响应.小麦幼苗于不同浓度的AgNPs悬浮液中培养4h后,根系出现氧化应激反应和细胞膜损伤,丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）含量分别由对照组的（2.9±0.5）nmol/L/mgprot和（8.6±1.2）U/mgprot增加至（4.9±1.5）nmol/L/mgprot和（12.4±1.2）U/mgprot.半胱氨酸缓解了AgNO₃对小麦的毒性并使小麦对AgNO₃的吸收速率常数从（275.4±12.3）L/（kg×h）降低到（210.8±11.2）L/（kg×h）.然而,半胱氨酸并没有缓解AgNPs对小麦的毒性,且AgNPs的吸收速率常数没有显著性变化[（12.6±0.8）和（11.2±0.6）L/（kg×h）].这说明AgNPs对小麦的有效性和毒性不仅来源于其释放的Ag⁺,还来源于纳米颗粒本身.通过进一步计算AgNPs暴露液中不同形态Ag的吸收速率常数,发现Ag⁺吸收速率常数最高[（275.4±12.3）L/（kg×h）],Ag-cysteine络合物吸收速率常数次之[（210.8±11.2）L/（kg×h）],纳米颗粒吸收速率常数最低[1.6L/（kg×h）].实验中建立了吸收速率常数预测方程,该方程预测结果与实验观测结果一致,说明该方程能够较好地描述小麦吸收AgNPs的具体过程.     

锆涂覆石墨管-无火焰原子吸收测定环境水样中微量银

用锆盐对石墨炉进行涂覆处理,同时又将其作为基体改进剂,有效提高了测定环境水样中银的灵敏度和分析精度,方法快速简便,检出限为2 8×10-12g,相对标准偏差小于6 2%。     

Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2/膨胀石墨复合光催化剂的制备及甲基橙的降解

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源、膨胀石墨(EG)为载体,通过溶胶凝胶-浸渍法制备了Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2/EG复合光催化剂。采用SEM,EDS,XRD,FTIR,UV-vis等技术对其进行表征,研究了该催化剂在紫外光及可见光下对甲基橙的降解性能。表征结果显示:Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)被成功负载到TiO_2上且保持Dawson结构;经Ag_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)表面修饰后的复合光催化剂可见光吸收性能增强;EG提供的丰富孔道有利于有机污染物吸附去除。实验结果表明:在甲基橙质量浓度为20 mg/L、催化剂加入量为1.0 g/L、反应温度为25℃的条件下,n(Ag)∶n(Ti)=1∶16时的复合光催化剂(ATE-2)的紫外光、可见光催化活性最佳;紫外光下反应70 min时甲基橙去除率为96.5%,可见光下反应40 h时甲基橙去除率为83.5%;ATE-2使用5次后,反应70 min时,其甲基橙去除率仍为92.5%。