建设工程安全事故统计分析与安全管理对策研究

统计了112起建设工程事故,分析表明建设工程安全事故具有事故类型集中、承包商事故多发、检修及改造工程危险性较大、特殊作业管理不到位等特点和原因。提出了建设工程安全管理对策:开展安全文化建设,营造安全氛围;加强培训教育,提高参建人员尤其是施工操作人员的安全意识、技能水平;加大监管、惩戒力度,提高承包商违规成本;落实特殊作业各环节的管理。     

地质高背景区土壤-玉米重金属综合质量评价

为了研究地质高背景区土壤及农产品的污染程度及原因,为农产品安全生产及土壤重金属风险管控提供依据,在重庆市巫山县抱龙镇耕地区采集了土壤-玉米协同样品36套,分析了土壤-玉米中重金属(Cd、 Hg、 Pb、 As和Cr)含量及土壤pH,利用内梅罗综合污染指数法(P_N)和综合质量影响指数(IICQ)对土壤-玉米中重金属的污染程度进行了评价,并分析了土壤重金属来源及玉米重金属超标的影响因素.结果表明,研究区土壤重金属含量的平均值高于全国及重庆土壤背景值,土壤重金属富集效应明显.Cd是土壤-玉米超标的主要因子,土壤和玉米Cd的总体超标率分别为91.67%和30.55%.内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果显示,土壤以重度污染为主,占比63.89%,玉米轻度污染、中度污染和重度污染的占比分别为5.56%、 11.11%和11.11%.土壤-玉米综合质量影响指数以中度和重度污染为主,分别占比44.44%和47.22%.从重金属污染空间分布来看,玉米与土壤污染区域不一致.土壤重金属污染主要受到二叠系和三叠系地层的影响,与黑色岩系和灰岩区次生富集作用有关.玉米Cd含量主要受到土壤pH的影响,...     

长江流域径流模拟及其对极端降雨的响应

研究流域径流量变化可为水资源科学调配、利用开发、水旱灾害防治、水环境污染整治和国民经济可持续发展等提供重要依据.但近年来受全球变暖影响,极端气候事件,尤其是极端降雨的发生频率和强度出现了变化,直接或间接影响径流量变化.运用SWAT模型模拟1965~2019年间长江流域径流时空变化规律,分析了不同极端降雨条件下径流对降雨的响应.结果表明,1965~2019年间长江流域径流变化并不显著,流域总径流和中下游径流均经历了"枯-丰-枯-丰"4个阶段.极端降雨情景模拟发现,50 a一遇极端降雨下,长江上、中和下游代表性子流域日均径流变化率分别为6200%、21%和15%,月均径流变化率为355%、5%和1.3%,年均变化率为78%、1%和0.24%.而100 a一遇极端降雨下,3个子流域日均径流变化率分别为8000%、25%和17%,月均径流变化率为437%、7%和1.5%,年均变化率为96%、1.2%和0.28%.研究结果可为流域水资源管理和利用及洪涝灾害预测与防控等提供理论依据.     

武汉市无公害蔬菜生产的问题与对策

介绍了我国部分城镇在粮食作物和蔬菜产品受化学农药等有害化学物污染简况和无公害蔬菜的研究进展。调查分析了武汉市目前蔬菜生产中农药污染的现状与问题，提出了在武汉市实施无公害蔬菜生产示范工程项目的建议和对策，并进行了讨论。     

RATIONAL INDUSTRIAL WATER REUSE RATIOS1

ABSTRACT: This work begins by defining rational water use, and then discusses important factors that most strongly influence it. A general model is then developed to enable factories to quantify the ratio of rational industrial water reuse based on the least cost method. The model is established to minimize the cost of water with reference to gross water use and three subsystems ‐ the intake, reuse, and discharge of industrial water. Discharge cost is determined using data from a 1997 survey of 38 factories, and reuse costs are ranked and expressed by a step function. The model is verified using data from a typical semiconductor factory in northern Taiwan's Hsinchu Science Based Industrial Park, whose effective rational water reuse ratio is about 38 percent. A sensitivity analysis shows that improving water reuse technology is the most important factor in determining the rational water reuse ratio, and the price of water is the second most important. When water costs over NT$30 (New Taiwan Dollar, US$1 = NT$34) per cubic meter, increasing reuse becomes significant. The model provides a step towards the scientific management of industrial water.     

基于整体开发管理的国际河流决策支持系统

基于国际河流开发管理的现状，分析国际河流整体开发管理理论的演进。得出整体开发管理决策实施的原则及思路：流域开发管理要以流域边界为界，将整个水系自然联系的区域作为不可分割的整体，进行统一权衡，突出共同利益，流域内开发与流域外开发相结合。以建立多层次的国际合作机构。对国际河流决策支持系统进行设计，即以国际河流流域为体系，各国国内流域测点为单元。国际流域综合协调委员会为决策支持中心、各国流域机构委员会为决策支持分中心。并研究系统的公用信息平台建设，信息开发、管理与维护。河流水资源、水环境实时监控等技术支持系统。实证分析澜沧江-湄公河流域决策支持系统的建设。并指出国际河流水资源的开发与管理，水权等问题有待进一步深入研究。     

Proposal of Indicators to Assess Urban Sustainability in Brazil

The research related here focuses on municipal situations where problems of sustainability may be defined and tackled on the basis of bottom-up management procedures with the participation of organized society. The aim is to build management models that may be implemented with reasonable administrative effort and cost. Implementation pursues the target of approaching a sustainable situation in the municipality. Environmental parameters for an ideal municipality with undefined geographical location are presented. For each parameter, a set of indicators is developed that can measure the prospect of sustainability. The indicators are defined in terms of numbers or literal concepts according to the possibility of measurement. Examples of management models are presented, which are able to approach the situation defined as sustainable by the indicators. The basic management tool is the learning curve of targeted communities, which is experimentally developed and applied. The indicators are grouped according to their range of applicability.     

The risk assessment–policy gap: An example from the UK contaminated land regime

Risk-based regulation assumes that risk assessment can evaluate risks against policy objectives. However, policy goals are often ambiguous and require risk assessors to interpret them for use in risk assessment. This risk assessment-policy gap stems partly from normative and imprecise policy language but is rooted more fundamentally in society's uncertain expectations for the environment. Until this uncertainty is resolved, the democratic and regulatory effectiveness of risk regulation will be undermined by ad hoc policy decisions abdicated to risk assessors.     

由参加"生态管理高级培训班"看中意环保合作项目的影响

在意大利举办的生态管理学习班,通过意大利专家学者的授课,使我在该领域的知识有所提高.这次学习的宗旨,是要把欧洲比较发达的意大利的环境保护领域的先进经验,尤其是生态管理方面的经验向中国环保工作者作介绍,希望在进一 步缩小中国环境保护领域与发达国家差距方面做出贡献.     

VALUE OF WOODY RWER CORRIDORS IN LEVEE PROTECTION ALONG THE MISSOURI RWER IN 19931

ABSTRACT: Following the Midwest flood of 1993, a study was initiated along a 39-mile segment of the Missouri River to determine if there was an association between woody corridors and levee stability. A systematic sample of levee failures revealed that primary levees which did not fail had a significantly wider woody corridor than failed levees. Analysis of the total inventory of failed levees revealed that as the width of the woody corridor decreased, the length of the levee failure increased. Number of levee failures and their severity of damage could be reduced if woody corridors were at least 300 feet wide.