Oxidation reactivity of 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) by Compound I model of cytochrome P450s

Alternative brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have become prevalent as a consequence of restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). For risk assessment of these alternatives, knowledge of their metabolism via cytochrome P450 enzymes is needed. We have previously proved that density functional theory (DFT) is able to predict the metabolism of PBDEs by revealing the molecular mechanisms. In the current study, the reactivity of 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane and structurally similar chemicals with the Compound I model representing the active site of P450 enzymes was investigated. The DFT calculations delineated reaction pathways which lead to reasonable explanations for products that were detected by wet experiments, meanwhile intermediates which cannot be determined were also proposed. Results showed that alkyl hydrogen abstraction will lead to bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethanol, which may undergo hydrolysis yielding 2,4,6-tribromophenol, a neurotoxic compound. In addition, a general pattern of oxidation reactivity regarding the 2,4,6-tribromophenyl moiety was observed among several model compounds. Our study has provided insights for convenient evaluation of the metabolism of other structurally similar BFRs.     

高效藻类塘磷酸盐去除机理研究

从磷酸盐化学沉淀和藻类吸收两个方面探讨了高效藻类塘中磷酸盐的去除机理。首先通过化学沉淀及其解析解释了高效藻类塘中pH与磷酸盐浓度昼夜变化规律；其次测定了pH=7．5时藻类对磷酸盐的日均吸收速率；最后对高效藻类塘中磷酸盐浓度的变化规律进行了总结。     

Multiattribute Utility Analysis as a Framework for Public Participation in Siting a Hazardous Waste Management Facility

This paper describes a public participation exercise in which stakeholders used an approach based on multiattribute utility analysis to select a site for a hazardous waste management facility. The key to success was the ability to separate and address two types of judgments inherent in environmental decisions—technical judgments regarding the likely consequences of alternative choices and value judgments regarding the importance or seriousness of those consequences. The approach enabled technical specialists to communicate the essential technical considerations and allowed stakeholders to establish the value judgments for the decision. Although rarely used in public participation, the multiattribute utility approach appears to provide a useful framework for the collaborative resolution of complex environmental decision problems.     

Desire to Bargain and Negotiation Success: Lessons About the Need to Negotiate from Six Hydropower Disputes

/ We investigated the notion that successful negotiations require that all parties to the dispute must have a desire to bargain. This desire is most likely to be present when the dispute exhibits ripeness and each party believes a bargained solution is the most cost-effective way to resolve differences. Structured interviews of participants in six Federal Energy Regulatory Commission hydropower licensing consultations were conducted to determine the level of need to negotiate for each party. The findings indicate that a need to negotiate is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for success. Several factors were associated with a need to negotiate: a weak BATNA (best alternative to a negotiated agreement); a salient issue; participants' sense of efficacy; a sense of inevitability; professional roles encouraging negotiation; and disputes about facts as opposed to disputes about values. Participants' need to negotiate fluctuated throughout the process and intensified when questions were ripe: i.e., critical issues were debated or the regulatory process required action.KEY WORDS: Alternative dispute resolution; Federal licenses; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission; Instream flow; Environmental planning     

上海大气总悬浮颗粒物中金属的可溶性特征

大气颗粒物中金属的可溶性对于评估金属的生物可利用性和环境迁移性具有重要意义.采集上海大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,利用高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱,测定经微循环淋溶提取的金属水、酸(p H=2)可溶含量,并计算水、酸溶解度.结果表明,大气TSP中金属的溶出是一个快速过程,仅需几分钟就达到溶解度最大值.Co、Cr和Cd的可溶含量较低,V、Ni、Cu处于中间,Fe、Al、Zn、Mn和Mg较高.结合大气后向轨迹分析,金属可溶含量受到气团来源的显著影响.多种金属的水、酸溶解度差异性较大,Fe水溶解度最小仅为2.0%,其次为Al、Cr、V、Pb、Co、Ni、Cu、Cd、Mn、Mg和Zn.金属溶解度随溶剂p H值的减小而增大.元素本身性质是影响金属溶解度的内在原因,且金属的离子势与水溶解度呈一定的负相关性.     

台南温泉井流量异常与南黄海地震关系初析

江苏省东台市台南温泉井１３年来共有三个时段的流量有较大幅度的异常都对应了南黄海一平方度内发生的４次４６～６３级地震。本文对该井的地质构造条件、观测方法、震前异常特征、干扰因素的排除、映震效能、异常机理、流量异常与地震三要素的关系等作了介绍和讨论。     

波谱分辨率与Chandler摆动的双频现象

地极移动中Chandler摆动有时出现的双频现象，一直为许多学者所关注。分析了IERS新近公布的经统一归算的极移数据，结合频谱分析中分辨率的有关问题，进一步讨论了Chandler摆动的双频现象。分析认为，文中采用的极移资料序列的采样间隔及序列长度已满足分辨Chandler摆动双频的要求。所得结果支持Chandler摆动存在双频的观点，同时给出了该极坐标序列存在的约0．3a至50a间的一些周期的参数。     

Instrument tuning for trace analysis of dioxins and furans for the vg 70s/se gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system using electron impact mode

We present the salient characteristics of tuning procedures that have evolved from our 3 years of experience while producing large amounts of data of the highest quality. Our laboratory routinely analyzes 2,3,7,8‐substituted dioxins and furans at parts per quadrillion levels in 50–100 g of human serum samples using the VG 70S/SE stand‐alone gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system at 10000 resolution (defined by 5% overlap) in the selected ion recording mode. Trace measurement of dioxins and furans in human biological matrices—for example, whole blood, serum, or adipose tissue‐requires reproducible instrument tuning within day as well as among days for quality results. Additionally, instument‐tuning procedures among operators must be reproducible to minimize operator bias because periodically different operators are used. Instrument tuning is highly subjective and argumentive; therefore, to minimize the ambiguity within our laboratory, we have standardized our technique to reproducibly tune the GC/MS system.     

基于压差的二氧化碳垂直采样分析技术

本研究开发了一套基于直接采样技术的二氧化碳（CO₂）垂直廓线采样分析系统,分析近地面至25km高空CO₂浓度的垂直分布.系统通过压差实现垂直方向连续采样,利用CRDS高精度分析技术对不同高度样品进行定量分析,计算得到采样区域CO₂浓度廓线.于2018年6月13~14日,在内蒙古锡林浩特国家气候观象台利用平流层探空气球平台进行了观测实验.实验室测试显示,CO₂分析准确度优于0.06×10^-6,精度优于0.08×10^-6.外场实验获得区域近地面至25km高空CO₂浓度的高分辨率垂直廓线,显示CO₂在不同高度的分层结构.考虑不同高度样品扩散作用,系统垂直分辨率在10km高度以下优于580m,在10~20km高度优于3.3km.研究表明：分析系统可搭载在合适探空平台上进行CO₂垂直观测,获取浓度廓线,可为传输模式提供数据,并为碳卫星遥感数据提供实测数据校验.