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101.
A. Azadeh S. Motevali Haghighi S.M. Asadzadeh H. Saedi 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):1457-1465
In this study, an Integrated Simulation-Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach is presented for optimum facility layout of maintenance workshop in a gas transmission unit. The process of repair of incoming parts includes various operations on different facilities. The layout problem in this system involves determining the optimum location of all maintenance shop facilities. Layout optimization plays a crucial role in this type of problems in terms of increasing the efficiency of main production line. Standard types of layouts including U, S, W, Z and straight lines are considered. First, the maintenance workshop is modeled with discrete-event-simulation. Time in system, average waiting time, average machine utilization, average availability of facilities, average queue length of facilities (AL) and average operator utilization are obtained from simulation as key performance indicators (KPIs) of DEA. Also, safety index and number of operators are considered as other KPIs. Finally, a unified non-radial Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is presented with respect to the stated KPIs to rank all layouts alternatives and to identify the best configuration. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is used to validate and verify the results. Previous studies do not consider safety factor in layout design problems. This is the first study that presents an integrated approach for identification of optimum layout in a maintenance workshop of gas transmission unit by incorporating safety and conventional factors. 相似文献
102.
《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2013,7(2):251-259
This essay examines examples from the field of nuclear energy, including the 2011 disaster at Fukushima-Daiichi, through perspectives drawn from phenomenology, social systems theory, and constitutive communication theory. The essay argues that although prevailing approaches to nuclear risk analysis and risk communication seek to represent a world of preexisting phenomena, they also fundamentally constitute the world on which decision-makers, organizations, and communities act. Representations of nuclear risk are inevitably and problematically limited, with important implications for policy, practice, and communicative action. 相似文献
103.
CaCl_2+磷酸盐法处理含氟废水的探讨 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
用向含氟废水中加入适量的钙盐和磷酸盐生成氟磷酸钙的方法除氟.结果表明,通过控制合适的pH值,钙盐和磷酸盐的投加量,反应时间和澄清时间,反应后可使氟的浓度降至5mg/L. 相似文献
104.
利用1989-1999年近11年的水文、气象资料分析了福建省6个主要流域主控站水位与降水量的关系和洪涝的时间变化规律,进而分析了暴雨致洪的特征,结果表明:(1)福建省6个主要流域洪峰水位与上游有关气象站前期平均总降水量相关显著,暴雨是福建省洪涝发生的主要原因;(2)根据闽江(竹歧站)、九龙江(浦南)、交溪(白塔)、木兰溪(濑溪)4个站的达警戒水位或危险水位的降水指标,可利用暴雨预报作为洪涝预警预测的依据。(3)上世纪80年代后,洪水的高低变化有增大的趋势,应进一步完善抗洪防洪预警系统,提高抗洪防洪的应变能力。 相似文献
105.
Franois Munoz 《Ecological modelling》2009,220(20):2683-2689
Characterizing spatial patterns due to ecological processes is a major issue for analysing and predicting species distributions. Grasping the non-linear nature of population dynamics over networks of discrete suitable sites is here central, as very specific signatures are expected. In the line of promising results from Fourier analysis of metapopulation maps, we found distance-based eigenvector maps (DBEM) to help disentangle the respective signatures of habitat and metapopulation structuring, with the great advantage of being applicable to irregular sampling schemes, a common feature of ecological surveys. A smoothing procedure was required to obtain the distinguishable signatures, and this may be a critical issue for investigating non-contingent and reliable patterns in spatial ecology. 相似文献
106.
Although long-lived tree species experience considerable environmental variation over their life spans, their geographical distributions reflect sensitivity mainly to mean monthly climatic conditions. We introduce an approach that incorporates a physiologically based growth model to illustrate how a half-dozen tree species differ in their responses to monthly variation in four climatic-related variables: water availability, deviations from an optimum temperature, atmospheric humidity deficits, and the frequency of frost. Rather than use climatic data directly to correlate with a species’ distribution, we assess the relative constraints of each of the four variables as they affect predicted monthly photosynthesis for Douglas-fir, the most widely distributed species in the region. We apply an automated regression-tree analysis to create a suite of rules, which differentially rank the relative importance of the four climatic modifiers for each species, and provide a basis for predicting a species’ presence or absence on 3737 uniformly distributed U.S. Forest Services’ Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) field survey plots. Results of this generalized rule-based approach were encouraging, with weighted accuracy, which combines the correct prediction of both presence and absence on FIA survey plots, averaging 87%. A wider sampling of climatic conditions throughout the full range of a species’ distribution should improve the basis for creating rules and the possibility of predicting future shifts in the geographic distribution of species. 相似文献
107.
108.
中美固体废物污染防治法律制度的比较 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对中美两国的固体废物污染制度进行了全面系统地比较,分析了在固体废物污染防治中的管理制度、环境立法的完善程度和法律现任的同异性,提出在执行固体废物污染环境防治法中需要借鉴美国等固体废物立法比较早的国家在固体废物污染防治方面的立法经验,不断完善我国固体废物污染防治的法规体系。 相似文献
109.
110.
多溴代二苯醚化合物的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
多溴代二苯醚(PBDEs)作为防火阻燃剂,在世界范围内被广泛应用,它是一种环境内分泌干扰物,类似于甲状腺素T3、T4。现有的研究认为,PBDEs具有生物累积性。并影响甲状腺,神经和免疫等系统。该文主要对现有的PBDEs研究进展进行了总结,并着重介绍了PBDEs的毒性,以及对人类和生物体的暴露水平及其相关的分析方法。 相似文献