超声波控藻及对水生生态安全的影响

通过恒温培养实验(250L培养基)表征了低强度 (发射功率20W) 定向发射超声波对惠氏微囊藻、孟氏浮游蓝丝藻、四尾栅藻以及菱形藻的生长影响,并通过超声波对大草履虫、大型蚤、稀有鮈鲫以及蜈蚣草的作用研究了其对水生生态的安全性.结果表明,超声波对蓝藻惠氏微囊藻的生长有较好的抑制作用,6d后生物量仅为对照组的32%;超声波对蓝藻孟氏浮游蓝丝藻、绿藻四尾栅藻以及硅藻菱形藻的生长也有一定的抑制作用,超声波作用10～13 d后,藻细胞密度比对照组低30%～33%.结果还表明,该强度的超声波对浮游动物草履虫和大型蚤、鱼类稀有鮈鲫以及沉水植物蜈蚣草的生长没有受到明显的影响.研究结果说明,低强度定向超声波可以对藻类生长产生抑制作用,而对水体中浮游动物、鱼类以及沉水植物等其它主要水生生物不产生明显影响.     

Impacts of atrazine in aquatic ecosystems

A portion of all herbicides applied to forests, croplands, road sides, and gardens are inevitably lost to water bodies either directly through runoff or indirectly by leaching through groundwater into ephemeral streams and lakes. Once in the aquatic environment, herbicides may cause stress within aquatic communities and radically alter community structure. Atrazine is one of the most effective and inexpensive herbicides in the world and is consequently used more frequently than any other herbicide. Atrazine is frequently detected in aquatic waters, and has been known to affect reproduction of aquatic flora and fauna, which in turn impacts on the community structure as a whole. This paper presents a summary of the reported direct and indirect impacts of atrazine on aquatic organisms and community structure. The information can be used for developing improved management guidelines and legislation. It is concluded that a single universal maximum limit on the atrazine application in catchments, as suggested by many regulatory authorities, does not provide adequate protection of the aquatic environment. Rather, it is advocated that flexible limits on the application of atrazine be developed in line with the potential risk of contamination to surface and subsurface water and fragility of the aquatic environment.     

Formation of methyl mercury in an aquatic macrophyte

In the nature, inorganic forms of mercury (Hg) may be transformed to the organic, very toxic, methyl-Hg. Occasionally methyl-Hg has been detected in plants, also so in the aquatic macrophyte water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), which is a popular vegetable in tropical regions. The objectives of this study were to investigate if methyl-Hg is formed and/or degraded in water spinach. Water spinach plants were exposed to inorganic Hg via spiked soil or spiked nutrient solution. Tests were performed in a climate chamber and in experimental units, one for each individual plant, that were equipped with separated shoot and root compartments. Plant tissues were analysed for total- and methyl-Hg. The results showed that methyl-Hg was accumulated in water spinach, especially in young metabolically active parts, when exposed to external inorganic Hg, even at sterilized conditions. Results also showed that methyl-Hg was formed in water spinach in the absence of external Hg, i.e., during recovery in a not Hg-spiked medium following after HgCl₂-exposure. There was however, no sign of demethylation. Summarizing, most of the Hg that is taken up by the plants is bound in the roots, but of the comparatively small amounts of Hg that reach the young growing shoots, a part will be methylated. Since the young shoots of this plant make a delicious and very appreciated vegetable, Hg in I. aquatica may contribute to human health problems.     

黄河流域水生生物资源评估及问题诊断

近几十年来,随着全球气候的变化和社会经济的发展,受筑坝建闸、河道断流、水质恶化、酷渔滥捕、人工引种、海水入侵、调水调沙等因素影响,黄河流域水生生物多样性及资源量呈下降趋势。在目前流域内多目标同步推进的要求下,黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展正不断面临新的挑战。通过分析黄河流域水生生物多样性和资源量在时空分布上的演变规律,明确了是水资源短缺、工程建设、水环境恶化等因素的共同作用导致了黄河流域的水生态危机。基于绿色生态、高质量发展的科学管理理念,提出了新时代黄河流域水文-环境-生态协同保护与修复的发展策略,为促进黄河流域水资源保护和生态系统可持续发展提供数据支持与理论参考。