人工神经网络及分子拓扑参数在酚类有机物QSBR研究中的应用

利用分子拓扑参数作为输入参数,探索了人工神经网络对２７种酚类有机物的定量结构－生物降解性能关系（ＱＳＢＲ）。结果表明,将人工神经网络运用于有机物的生物降解性能建模是可行的。所建模型预测结果和文献数据十分接近,预测能力优于已有文献报道,且能够较好区分同分异构体。     

Ozonation of aromatic monomer compounds in water: factors determining reaction outcomes

● p- CNB and IBP were selected, to explore factors determining ozonation outcomes. ● •OH contributed only 50 % to IBP removal, compared to the 90 % for p -CNB removal. ● IBP achieved fewer TOC removal and more by-product types and quantities. ● A longer ring-opening distance existed during the degradation of IBP. ● Multiple positions on both branches of IBP were attacked, consuming more oxidants. For aromatic monomer compounds (AMCs), ozonation outcomes were usually predicted by the substituents of the benzene ring based on the electron inductive effect. However, the predicted results were occasionally unreliable for complex substituents, and other factors caused concern. In this study, p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) and ibuprofen (IBP) were selected for ozonation. According to the electron inductive theory, p-CNB should be less oxidizable, but the opposite was true. The higher rates of p-CNB were due to various sources of assistance. First, the hydroxyl radical (•OH) contributed 90 % to p-CNB removal at pH 7.0, while its contribution to IBP removal was 50 %. Other contributions came from molecular O₃ oxidation. Second, p-CNB achieved 40 % of the total organic carbon (TOC) removal and fewer by-product types and quantities, when compared to the results for IBP. Third, the oxidation of p-CNB started with hydroxyl substitution reactions on the benzene ring; then, the ring opened. However, IBP was initially oxidized mainly on the butane branched chain, with a chain-shortening process occurring before the ring opened. Finally, the degradation pathway of p-CNB was single and consumed fewer oxidants. However, both branches of IBP were attacked simultaneously, and three degradation pathways that relied on more oxidants were proposed. All of these factors were determinants of the rapid removal of p-CNB.     

水中痕量多环芳烃(PAHs)类环境污染物检测方法的研究

对水中多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）检测方法进行了系统研究,采用固相萃取技术进行样品前处理,以取代传统的液液萃取,并建立了优化的ＰＡＨｓ液相色谱分析条件,可以适用于美国ＥＰＡ优先监控的水中１６种ＰＡＨｓ的同时分析     

MIEX树脂在饮用水预处理中的应用研究

本文采用一种新型的MIEX磁性离子交换树脂对某水厂原水进行预处理,考察了MIEX树脂用量与后续混凝工艺对原水的浊度、有机物、无机阴离子的去除效果。结果表明,MIEX技术可有效地去除原水中的有机物,对UV254和CODMn的去除率分别稳定在90%和59%。MIEX树脂对无机阴离子也有很好的去除效果,对SO24-的去除率一般为80%以上,NO3-为50%以上。但MIEX树脂对低浊水的去浊效果一般,同时MIEX预处理可以有效强化混凝沉淀对有机物的去除。     

Solid state fermentation of olive mill residues by wood- and dung-dwelling Agaricomycetes: Effects on peroxidase production,biomass development and phenol phytotoxicity

The in vivo conversion of dry olive mill residue (DOR) by wood- and dung-dwelling fungi − Auricularia auricula-judae, Bjerkandera adusta and Coprinellus radians − increases peroxidase secretion up to 3.2–3.5-fold (∼1.3, 3.5 and 7.0 U g⁻¹ DOR for dye-decolorizing peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and aromatic peroxygenases, respectively). The incubation of DOR with these fungi produced a sharp decrease in total phenolic content (100% within 4 wk), a reduction in phytotoxicity as well as a certain degree of plant growth caused by the stimulating effect of fungal-treated DOR. These findings correlate with a characteristic shift in the fragmentation pattern of water-soluble aromatics (detected at 280 nm) from low (0.2, 1.5 and 2.2 kDa, respectively) to high molecular mass (35 to >200 kDa), which demonstrates the presence of a polymerization process. Phenol-rich agricultural residues are a useful tool for enzyme expression and production studies of peroxidase-producing Agaricomycetes which could make DOR a valuable organic fertilizer.     

气溶胶中有机物的研究进展和前景

首先指出了气溶胶中有机物的研究意义 ,接着介绍了目前对气溶胶中有机物的化学组成、来源和成因、环境和健康效应的认识 ,综述了分析测试方法的研究现状 ,并评述了其研究前景     

不同土地利用类型作物中多环芳烃含量调查

文章调查了江苏苏州某典型生态示范区内,多环芳烃在不同土地利用类型和各种作物的富集、迁移、转化情况并进行比对、分析,确定不同土地利用类型中作物多环芳烃污染水平不同;不同作物对多环芳烃的富集效率不同;同一作物的不同组织(器官)多环芳烃含量也不同,初步分析了多环芳烃在水-土-气各介质之间的迁移富集规律.为推进江苏"生态省"建设与可持续发展提供一定的技术参考依据.     

一体式A/O反应器中不同碳硫比对除碳脱臭效率的影响

在污水处理领域同步除碳脱臭研究一直是个难题,本实验开发了一种新型同步除碳脱臭一体式A/O反应器,研究了该一体式A/O反应器处理不同碳硫比有机废水时的同步除碳脱臭功能。结果表明,碳硫比为30∶1时,即进水SO24-浓度为133 mg/L,该反应器总COD去除率可达到95%。在进水SO24-浓度不大于400 mg/L时,中间产物臭气硫化氢气可以完全去除,实现了同步除碳脱臭的功能,减少了在有机废水处理过程中的大量臭气的排放。微生物学角度分析,表明污泥中含有大量的硫细菌。     

Diagnosis of dissolved organic matter removal by GAC treatment in biologically treated papermill effluents using advanced organic characterisation techniques

Granular activated carbon (GAC) exhaustion rates on pulp and paper effluent from South East Australia were found to be a factor of three higher (3.62 cf. 1.47 kg m⁻³) on Kraft mills compared to mills using Thermomechanical pulping supplemented by Recycled Fibre (TMP/RCF). Biological waste treatment at both mills resulted in a final effluent COD of 240 mg L⁻¹. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was only 1.2 times higher in the Kraft effluent (70 vs. 58 mg L⁻¹), however, GAC treatment of Kraft and TMP/RCF effluent was largely different on the DOC persisted after biological treatment. The molecular mass (636 vs. 534 g mol⁻¹) and aromaticity (5.35 vs. 4.67 L mg⁻¹ m⁻¹) of humic substances (HS) were slightly higher in the Kraft effluent. The HS aromaticity was decreased by a factor of 1.0 L mg⁻¹ m⁻¹ in both Kraft and TMP/RCF effluent. The molecular mass of the Kraft effluent increased by 50 g mol⁻¹ while the molecular mass of the TMP/RCF effluent was essentially unchanged after GAC treatment; the DOC removal efficiency of the GAC on Kraft effluent was biased towards the low molecular weight humic compounds. The rapid adsorption of this fraction, coupled with the slightly higher aromaticity of the humic components resulted in early breakthrough on the Kraft effluent. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix analysis of the each GAC treated effluent indicated that the refractory components were higher molecular weight humics on the Kraft effluent and protein-like compounds on the TMP/RCF effluent. Although the GAC exhaustion rates are too high for an effective DOC removal option for biologically treated pulp and paper mill effluents, the study indicates that advanced organic characterisation techniques can be used to diagnose GAC performance on complex effluents with comparable bulk DOC and COD loads.     

The removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the wastewater treatment process: experimental calculations and model predictions

The removal of PAHs during the wastewater treatment process was examined in an activated sludge mode conventional facility. Concentrations reported are taken from an earlier measuring campaign. Removals of PAHs ranged between 28 and 67% in the primary, <1-61% in the secondary stage, and 37-89% in the whole process. Significant positive relationships were observed for removal efficiencies and the log K(ow) of PAHs in the primary and the log K(H) of PAHs in the secondary stage. Experimental removals were compared to those obtained from the FATE model. In the primary stage, predicted removals were lower than those experimentally calculated while in the secondary stage were higher. Predicted removals were apportioned mainly to sorption with negligible contribution from volatilization and biodegradation. Remarkable consistency between experimental and modeled removal efficiencies (-20-+20%) was observed for almost all PAHs in the whole treatment process.