绵阳大气中二氧化硫浓度升高的原因探讨

针对1990年和1991年绵阳市SO_2浓度升高,尤其是1990年和1991年元月监测的SO_2浓度值更高。经研究发现监测采样时的气象条件对污染物测定值产生重要影响。     

大气优化布点监测方法简化试验

将每天TSP、SO_2两种污染物各采四次样并分别进行测定,简化为每天各采一个“日混合样”进行测定,对测定结果进行数理统计检验结果表明:测定值之间不存在显著性差异、两种方法的测值波动是由偶然因素造成的,因此,简化方法即采日混合样进行分析是一种可靠的监测方法,它适用于煤质中含硫份较低的地区。     

能见度分级约束下的大气气溶胶光学厚度特征

利用ＰＩＳ太阳光谱仪观测了北京地区１９９３年３月—１９９５年３月晴天和少云天气的太阳直接辐射光谱，波长范围为０．４０－１．０４μｍ。光谱分辨率１．２５ｎｍ，共有１０６４组数据。观测期间，将地面能见度分为五级。由太阳直射谱获得了各能见度下大气气溶胶光学厚度谱。研究表明，北京地区大气气溶胶光学厚度虽然其总体季节统计规律为春夏大，秋冬小，然而，当加入能见度分级约束后，各能见度下气溶胶光学厚度的季节变化，近于消失。这表明少数“反常”垂直结构不影响能见度分级的平均结果。而不分级的光学厚度季节起伏主要由各季节的几率能见度决定。文中还把年平均五种能见度下的光谱光学厚度与ＬＯＷＴＲＡＮ模式作了对比。由光学厚度谱反演出了气溶胶粒子谱分布，为建立我国北方局地气溶胶模式构造了基本框架     

大气污染对城市绿化植物叶片叶绿素含量的影响

研究了南阳市城市大气对该市5种常见城市绿化植物叶片叶绿素(a、b)含量比例(Ca/Cb)以及叶片叶绿素总含量(Ct)的影响。通过研究发现,污染严重的南阳卷烟厂区域植物叶片叶绿素Ca/Cb值相对较高,叶绿素总含量(Ct)相对较低;无污染的对照区域(南阳师范学院院内绿化区)植物叶片叶绿素Ca/Cb值相对较低,叶片叶绿素总含量(Ct)相对较高。通过数据分析,进一步得出了5种常见城市绿化植物抗大气污染能力的大小:女贞>大叶黄杨>月季>金叶女贞>三叶草。     

A new index for assessing the contribution of energy efficiency in LEED 2009 certified green buildings to achieving UN sustainable development goals in Jordan

Jordan faces stringent energy challenges mainly in the form of import dependence and escalating demand. The building sector accounts for 58% of total national electricity consumption and therefore plays an important role in addressing these challenges. This article investigates how energy efficiency in green buildings certified by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system contribute towards achieving United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Jordan. Furthermore, this paper proposes a new Comprehensive Contribution to Sustainable Development Index (CCSDI) to assess the contributions of implementation of the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the Energy and Atmosphere (EA) category to achieve UN SDGs in Jordan. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to obtain data. Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to evaluate the contributions of LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the EA category. Results indicate a positive relationship between the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in category and UN SDGs 7?9 and 12?13. We conclude that our proposed CCSDI is a robust tool for assessing the contribution of energy efficiency in LEED 2009 certified green buildings towards achieving UN SDGs in Jordan.     

气候变化对我国水文水资源系统的影响研究

旨在介绍气候变化对我国水文水资源系统影响研究的进展、方法、技术及其优缺点,并分析气候变暖对我国水文水资源系统的影响结果,同时提出自己的一些建议。     

交通来源颗粒物粒径谱分布及其与能见度关系

对谭裕沟隧道内颗粒物的浓度谱进行了分析,研究了交通来源颗粒物的粒径浓度谱分布特征,并且探讨了不同粒径颗粒物对能见度的影响.结果表明,细粒子的污染比较严重,是影响能见度的主要因素.      

雾霾时车辆尾气排放对驾驶员能见度的影响

针对北京道路车辆尾气排放对雾霾时驾驶员道路能见度的影响问题,建立了雾霾时车辆尾气排放与驾驶员道路能见度关系模型。该模型以车辆为单元建立车辆尾气排放元胞,考虑了车辆尾气排放后的污染物物理和化学变化,并以车道中的尾气排放位置截面及截面单元、交叉口处的尾气排放位置区间为模型单元。为验证该模型,于2016年10月-2017年2月和2017年10月-2018年2月,在北京地区部分路网检测了驾驶员道路能见度等数据,并统计了各时段驾驶员道路能见度的分布情况。对建立的关系模型进行仿真,结果表明,该关系模型的仿真结果与实际检测数据的误差占比平均值小于4. 98%,验证了该关系模型用于描述北京市道路车辆尾气排放对雾霾时驾驶员道路能见度影响的有效性。     

Controversial sectors in banks’ sustainability reporting

Albeit indirectly, through its lending and investing, the financial sector can contribute substantially to achieve sustainable development. One of such practices concerns investment on or financing of entities that deal with environmentally or socially sensitive transactions (gambling, tobacco, alcohol, arms, etc.). Although there is a wealth of literature on banks’ CSR and its reporting, one can count on the fingers of one hand the studies mentioning explicitly these issue. What is more, this CSR practice gets treated only cursorily in these few studies. This study focuses on the communication of information on investment and financing of firms from controversial sectors in banks’ sustainability reports. We begin by examining whether financial institutions in our sample report having such policies or not. Then, we investigate what kind of policies are reported. In addition, this study seeks to capture the influence of national culture and firm-specific characteristics (type of property, listing status and multinationality) on the reporting of such issues. Ordinal regression analysis is used to analyse the relation of these factors with such reporting. Our findings suggest that the disclosure of information on policies regarding investment on and financing of firms from controversial sectors is not widespread, and the organizations reporting policies of total exclusion of some sectors or projects on ethical grounds are few. This study may encourage more detailed analyses of the type of CSR policies examined and of their impacts. It also may be of utility to banks by raising awareness about the need to consider these issues.     

长江三角洲地区霾判别方法的对比分析

为对比霾判别方法的差异,探讨霾观测标准的再完善性,文中从空间分布与单点时间序列两方面分别分析研究了4种霾判别方法的特征与适用性.选取中国长江三角洲地区1980~2009年38个地面观测站的气象资料,根据使用日均值的方法 1、2和使用14:00观测值的方法 3分别统计各站点的霾日,分析3种方法的异同.发现这些方法都能够反映出霾的长期变化趋势,但存在差异,这种差异随着年代际变化逐渐减小.由方法 1得到的霾日数最多,方法 3考虑了天气现象,比方法 1和2更合理.依据南京北郊2012年5月~2013年4月的逐时PM2.5浓度、相对湿度和能见度等资料,分析比较了方法 4(霾的观测和等级预报,QX/T 113-2010)与方法 1、2、3的不同.结果表明,由方法 3统计出的霾日少于其他方法,由方法 4统计出的霾日数介于方法 1与方法 3的结果;方法 3不能分辨出霾的严重程度,而其他方法能较好地分辨出霾的严重程度.